PPT-Amino Acid and Protein Structure

Formation of Aminoacyl tRNAs Ribosome structure Stages of Translation Relationship between DNA mRNA and Protein Sequences Translation and the Genetic Code Amino acid structure Four different groups are attached to the central carbon atom . (Foundation Block). Dr. Ahmed Mujamammi. Dr. . Sumbul. . Fatma. Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. Alexey Onufriev, . Virginia Tech. www.cs.vt.edu/~onufriev. Proteins play key roles in a living system. Three (out of many many) examples of protein functions. Catalysis:. Almost all chemical reactions in a living cell are catalyzed by protein enzymes.. and Secondary Levels. The . secondary structure . of a protein describes the structure that forms when amino acids form hydrogen bonds between the atoms in the backbone and atoms on the same or another peptide chain.. Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells. Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances. Unit objectives:. Identify amino acid classifications based on nutritional use and chemical properties of side chains. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Contains . carbon, hydrogen. , oxygen, and nitrogen. Remember carbohydrates and lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen – SO protein adds . nitrogen. Some proteins also contain sulfur, iron. , copper, phosphorus, or . A nutrient found in all living things. It contains nitrogen and is responsible for the formation, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues/ It can also be used for energy. CHNO. Amino acids . Proteins are major components of all cellular systems. Proteins consist of one or more linear polymers called polypeptides. Proteins are linear and never branched. Different AA’s are linked together via . Each amino acid (aa) shares a common structure; i.e. an amine (NH. 2. ) group, an acid group (COOH), and a central carbon atom bonded to hydrogen and to a side chain (R).. The side chains qualify aas as acidic, basic, neutral, aromatic, and sulphur-containing amino acids.. Peptide bond formation. : . α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid . ( . with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can then forms a second peptide bond with a third amino acid (with side chain R3) to give . Dr. . Shaimaa. . Munther. . Learning Outcomes - Proteins. Define the levels of protein conformation and to indicate the role of weak interactions.. Illustrate how protein structure relates to protein function using examples.. unbranched. polymer chains composed of numerous small subunits or monomers is called amino acids .. There are 20 amino acids from which 18 have same structure.. DEFINATION. STRUCTURE. Amino acids have a central chiral carbon atom called alpha carbon. Groups attached to carbon atom are: . Danielle R. . Snowflack. , Ph.D.. www.edvotek.com. EDVOTEK. The . Biotechnology Education. Company. Celebrating OVER 30 years . of science education!. Proteins are everywhere!. Proteins are diverse molecules that perform important functions within a cell. Acids. By . Professor . Dr. Jamal Ahmed Abdel -Barry. . Rare Amino Acids. In addition to 20 standard amino acids there are several amino acids that can be isolated from the hydrolysis of special type of protein, all are derivatives of some standard amino acids..