unbranched polymer chains composed of numerous small subunits or monomers is called amino acids There are 20 amino acids from which 18 have same structure DEFINATION STRUCTURE Amino acids have a central chiral carbon atom called alpha carbon Groups attached to carbon atom are ID: 1000126
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1. AMINOACID
2. A protein molecule consists of one or more long unbranched polymer chains composed of numerous small subunits or monomers is called amino acids .There are 20 amino acids from which 18 have same structure.DEFINATION
3. STRUCTUREAmino acids have a central chiral carbon atom called alpha carbon. Groups attached to carbon atom are:
4. LINKAGE OF AMINO ACIDSIn protein , the amino acids link up in such a way that the amino group of one amino acid is join to the carboxyl group of the adjacent one with the loss of water molecule for each linkage as a byproduct . The amino group contribute hydrogen and the carboxyl group contribute hydroxyl group (-OH) to water. The covalent bond joining the two amino acid unit by –NH-CO linkage is called Peptide Bond . It is formed by process of condensation ( Dehydration ) i.e loss of water . A chain of two amino acid is called Dipeptide . A chain of three amino acid is called Tripeptide , of a few ( less then 30 ) , Amino acid an Oligopeptide and of many ( more then 30 ) , Amino acid are Polypeptide.
5. Physical properties of amino acids
6. FUNCTION
7. CLASSIFICATION
8. Based on natureACIDIC AMINO ACIDS : These contain one amino group and two carboxyl group per molecule . These are called as monoamino-dicarboxylic amino acids . Example – Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid. BASIC AMINO ACIDS : These contain two amino group and one carboxyl group per molecule. These are called as diamino- monocarboxylic amino acids . Example – Lysine , Arginine.NEUTRAL AMINO ACIDS : These have one amino group and one carboxylic group per molecule . These are called as monoamino- monocarboxylic amino acids. Example – Glycine, Valine .
9. SULPHUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS : These amino acids contain sulphur. Example: Methionine, Cysteine .ALCOHOLIC AMINO ACIDS : These amino acids contain alcoholic group. Example – Serine , Threonine , Tyrosine. AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS: These amino acids contain phenyl rings.Example – Phenylalanine , TryptophanHETROCYCLIC AMINO ACIDS : These amino acids contain heterocyclic ring.Example – Proline Based on special structure
10. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS : There are few amino acids that cannot be synthesized by body. Examples: Phenylalanine, Valine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine , Histidine. NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS : There are few amino acids which are easily bio synthesized by our body. Examples: Alanine , Cysteine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Glutamate, Arginine, Tyrosine , Serine , Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Proline.Based on nutritional requirement
11. POLAR AMINO ACIDSUNCHARGED: Serine,Threonine,Glutamine,Asparagine, Cysteine.CHARGED:Positively charged: Arginine, Lysine, Histidine.Negatively charged: Glutamate, Aspartate.NON-POLAR AMINO ACIDSALIPHATIC:Proline,Valine,Leucine,Isoleucine,Methionine.AROMATIC:Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan.Based on polarity
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