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Anxiety disorder: specific phobia Anxiety disorder: specific phobia

Anxiety disorder: specific phobia - PowerPoint Presentation

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Anxiety disorder: specific phobia - PPT Presentation

Lesson objectives Learn what an anxiety disorder is focusing on Specific Phobia Understand the biological contributing factors to phobias and the ways to manage phobias Study design dot point application ID: 618589

gaba anxiety fear disorder anxiety gaba disorder fear phobia specific phobic stress response factors role definition management situation contributing

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Slide1

Anxiety disorder: specific phobiaSlide2

Lesson objectives

Learn what an anxiety disorder is, focusing on Specific Phobia

Understand the biological contributing factors to phobias and the ways to manage phobiasSlide3

Study design dot point

application

of a

biopsychosocial

framework to understanding ONE of the following four types of mental disorder and its management:

Anxiety

disorder: specific phobia

biological

contributing factors: role of the stress response; role of the neurotransmitter gamma

aminobutyric

acid (GABA) in the management of phobic

anxietySlide4

Anxiety definition

A state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness that something is wrong or that something unpleasant is about to happen.Slide5

Anxiety disorder definition

Describes a group of disorders that are

characterised

by chronic feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and apprehension or fear about the future, with a negative effect.Slide6

DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorders

Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder

Panic disorder with/without agoraphobia

Specific phobia

Social phobia

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Generalised

anxiety disorder

Acute stress disorder

Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition

Substance-induced anxiety disorderSlide7

Phobia definition

An excessive or unreasonable fear directed towards a particular object, situation or event that causes significant distress or interferes with everyday functioning.Slide8

Specific phobia definition

A disorder

characterised

by significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific feared object or situation, often leading to avoidance

behaviour

.

The specific object/situation producing the fear is called the

phobic stimulus

.Slide9

Phobia activity

Anunptaphobia

: fear of staying single

Arachibutyrophobia

: fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth

Hippopotomonstrosesquipped-aphiliophobia

: fear of long words

Keraunophobia

: fear of lighting

Ornithophobia

: fear of birds

Papaphobia

: fear of the Pope

Pentheraphobia

: fear of mother-in-laws

Quadrataphobia

: fear of quadratic equations

Vuteuthindon

: fear of picnicsSlide10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rl7Lr6eDLc

People with a specific phobia know that their level of fear is excessive or unreasonable.

The fear is in excess of any real danger posed by the phobic stimulus.Slide11

Symptoms

Elevated

heart rate & blood pressure

Hand tremors

Diarrhoea

Sweating

Shortness

of breath

Dizziness

Feel like they have no control over the situationSlide12

DSM specific phobia categories

Categories

Examples

Animal

type

Situation

type

Blood, injections and injury type

Natural environments type

Other phobias

Choking, vomiting,

loud noises, dying, costumed charactersSlide13

Biopsychosocial

framework applied to specific phobia and its management

Biological factors

Contributing factors:

Role of stress response

Dysfunctional GABA system

Management:

Benzodiazepines

GABA supplement

Relaxation response

Specific phobiaSlide14

Biological contributing factors

Genetic predisposition – moderate level of heritability of anxiety disorders

Role of the stress response

Role of the brain’s neurochemistrySlide15

How does the stress response contribute to phobic anxiety?

Fight-fight response activated

Accounts for phobic symptoms such as sweating & palpitations

Dizziness due to increase in ANS arousal then sudden drop in blood pressureSlide16

Becomes

problematic when

the anxiety response is triggered when there is no real threat or danger

For example, objects/situations that have little potential for harm

flowers (

anthophobia

) or clouds (

nephophobia

)

Anxiety remains until the exposure to the phobic stimulus is goneSlide17

Role of GABA

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

= Primary

inhibitory

neurotransmitter

Inhibits firing of neurons

Maintains optimal level of neurotransmission

Low levels of

GABA

leads to higher levels of

anxiety

Neurons are not stopped from

firing

NOT THAT GABBA…Slide18

Role of glutamate

(GABA’s mate)

Glutamate

= primary

excitatory

neurotransmitter

Makes neurons more likely to fire

Both GABA and glutamate have important roles in arousal and therefore anxietySlide19

Management of phobias

Benzodiazepines

: a group of drugs which are referred to as minor tranquillisers

ADVANTAGE: Calm down the body by reducing physiological arousal and promoting relaxation

DISADVANTAGE: induce drowsiness and are addictive

Eg

:

Valium

,

Temazepam

, Xanax

etcSlide20

How do ‘

benzos

’ work?

Agonists

Imitate therefore stimulate a neurotransmitter’s activity

Benzos

are GABA agonists

Benzos

have inhibitory effects on neurons which

reduce

the symptoms of anxiety

Antagonists

Inhibit a neurotransmitter’s activity

Reduce GABA function and increase anxiety symptomsSlide21

GABA/anxiety connection

Researchers believe that some

people develop anxiety because they have a dysfunctional GABA system

The

result of failure to produce, release or receive the correct amount of GABA

that is

needed to regulate neuronal transmission in the

brainSlide22

GABA may be affected by:

Genetic

inheritance

Socio-cultural factors

Exposure

to prolonged stress

Exposure

to

environmental

toxins

Nutritional deficiencies (vitamin B6 and citric acid, and high caffeine intake

)

What can you do?

Proposals that GABA levels can be increased “naturally”

by:

Drinking

green tea

Eating

foods “high in GABA

” (

e.g.

beans

, dairy foods,

eggs

,

seafoods

and

wholegrains

)

GABA

supplements

(although

there is no significant research evidence that

this works)Slide23

Review!

Draw a flow chart to

describe

and explain how the stress response contributes to a phobic

reaction