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CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS

CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS - PowerPoint Presentation

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CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS - PPT Presentation

Dr Huda Hania Lipid chemistry Lipid chemistry Definition Fats and Oils triglyceride Waxes Steroids Fat soluble vitamins Phospholipid Mono di glycerides Lipid compounds including ID: 332591

fat alcohol oil lipids alcohol fat lipids oil acid emulsion olive fatty drop test acids lipid tube soap prosthetic

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Slide1

CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS

Dr. Huda HaniaSlide2

Lipid chemistry Slide3

Lipid chemistry

Definition Slide4

Fats and Oils (triglyceride) WaxesSteroidsFat- soluble vitaminsPhospholipidMono- di glycerides Lipid compounds including: Slide5

Classification of LipidsSlide6

Simple lipids

They are esters of FA with various alcohols

The type of alcohols these are subclassified as Slide7

Neutral Fats or Oils

Fats and oils are

also called

triglycerides

.

esters of glycerol+ 3 FASlide8

WAXES

EXAMPLES

Beeswax

When hydrolysis of waxes gives : one

fatty acid +

alcoholSlide9

Result of hydrolysis gives FA with alcohol and containing additional[prosthetic] groups.

Subclassified according to the type of prosthetic group

Complex lipidsSlide10

FA + ALCOHOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID

Phospholipids

They frequently have nitrogen containing basesSlide11

Phospholipids may be classified on the basis of the type of alcohol presentPhospholipids Slide12

A. Glycerophospholipids

B. Spingophospholipids

Alcohol is GLYCEROL

Alcohol is SPINGOSINE

Examples

Plasmalogens

Cardiolipins

Examples

Spingomyelins Slide13

FA + ALCOHOL[SPINGOSINE] +CARBOHYDRATE WITH NITROGEN BASE They do not contain phosphate group

Example

Cerebrosides

Gangliosides

Glycolipids Slide14

Chylomicrons Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)Low density lipoprotein (LDL)High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Lipoproteins

Lipid with prosthetic group PROTEINSlide15
Slide16

Derived from lipids (simple or complex)or precursors of lipids

Derived lipidsSlide17

Functions of lipidsSlide18

Fatty acids

are

long-chain carboxylic acids.

typically 12-18 carbon atoms.

insoluble in water.

saturated or unsaturated.Slide19

Fatty acids aresaturated with all single C–C bonds.

unsaturated

with one or more double C=C bonds.

are solids at room temperature

are liquids at room temperature.Slide20

Solubility in polar and nonpolar solventEmulsification Oxidation of unsaturation FAQualitative analysis of detection in natural products ( salkowski reaction)

Chemical tests for:

Precursor of many steroid hormones, vitamin DSlide21

Solubility in polar and nonpolar solventReagents Olive oil (vegetable oil), butter (animal fat),

stearic acid (saturated fatty acid), oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid), Solvents: dilute acid and alkali solutions, cold alcohol, hot alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether and carbon tetrachloride.

Procedure

1

.

Add a 2drops of the liquid fat or 0.1 g of the solid fat in labeled test tubes.

2. To each test tube add a 1 ml of solvent and write down your observations.

3. Repeat the experiment with a different solvent and make your observations. Slide22

ReagentsNeutral olive oil, 0.5 % Na2C03, Rancid olive oil Procedure

1. Shake up a drop of neutral olive oil with a little water in a test tube, the fat becomes finally divided forming an emulsion, upon standing fat separates and rises to the top.

2. To 5 ml water in a test tube add 2 to 3 drops of 0.5 percent Na2

CO

3

. Introduce a drop of neutral olive oil and shake, the emulsion is not permanent and is not so transitory.

3. Repeat step 2 using rancid olive oil. In this case the alkali combines with the free fatty acids to form soap and the soap being an emulsifying agent, it emulsifies the fat.

2- EmulsificationSlide23

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (no mixable). Bile Salts Synthesized from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder When you eat fat, the bile salts act as soap and help emulsify the large globules of fat.

2- Emulsification

A. Two

immiscible liquids, not yet emulsified

B. An emulsion of Phase II dispersed in Phase I

C. The unstable emulsion

progressively

separates

D. The

surfactant

stabilizing

the emulsionSlide24

Into test tube place one drop of oil and 3 ml of Na2CO3Warm it slightly and drop solution KMnO4 .after each drop the violet color disappearThe end of the reaction recognized by ppt brown solid MnO2 Oxidation of unsaturation FASlide25

4-Qualitative analysis of detection in natural products ( salkowski reaction)Slide26
Slide27

27RC

O

H

O

Carboxylic Acid Alcohol Ester

R OH

R

C

O

R

OSlide28