PPT-Chapter 12 Section 1 DNA: The Genetic Material

Ms Diana and Ms Suad Discovery of the Genetic Material Since Mendels work was rediscovered scientists have tried to figure out which of the macromolecules nucleic acids DNA or proteins was the actual source of genetic information . And 57375en 57375ere Were None meets the standard for Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity for grade 8 Its structure pacing and universal appeal make it an appropriate reading choice for reluctant readers 57375e book also o57373ers students Human chromosomes. Most cells in your body normally contain 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs. In each of these 23 pairs, you've inherited one chromosome from your father and one from your mother. . At the end of this lesson you should be able to . Define Genetic Engineering. Outline the process of genetic engineering involving some or all of the following: isolation, cutting, transformation, introduction of base sequence changes and expression. DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot ! DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot! >200,000 events/human cell/day DNA damage Occurs 2 ways 1) spontaneously 2) mutagens : damage DNA Transposons Discovered by Barbara McClintock Genetic Engineering. 1. ) Inserting a new a gene. 2) Altering a gene. 3) Deleting or turning off a gene (gene knockout). Tools. Three important tools used for genetic engineering. PCR. : takes a single copy of the gene of interest and makes . Unequivoca. l Proof . 1952. Worked with Bacteriophage. Attaches to bacteria Genetic Material in cell Cell treats it as its own More Virus particles synthesized. Whether protein has entered or DNA. Biotechnology Unit. 1. How does a bacterium fight off antibiotics?. The three main ways are:. Membrane proteins called efflux pumps literally pump the antibiotics out of the cell.. The prokaryote can produce an enzyme that will degrade the antibiotic.. GENETIC. ENVIRONMENTAL. BOTH. CONGENITAL. HEREDITARY. FAMILAL. MUTATIONS. PERMANENT change in DNA. GENE. MUTATION: (may, and often, result in a single base error). CHROMOSOME . MUTATION: (visible chromosome change)part of chromosome. If the enzyme that converts tyrosine to melanin is defective, no melanin is produced and a genetic disease known as albinism results.. A peacock with albinism does not produce the melanin needed to make the bright colors of its feathers.. ?. G. enetic . engineering. , the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms. . This . may mean changing one base . INTRODUCTION. In 1865, Mendel showed that genes transmitted genetic information and in the first part of the 20. th. century, their patterns of transmission were studied extensively.. Although these classical genetic studies provided little insight into the molecular nature of genes, they did demonstrate that the genetic material must perform three essential functions: . DNA: The Genetic Material. Think Back…. Gregor. Mendel and inheritance… . Factors that determine traits are passed down from generation to generation, they come from both mom and dad . But where did this information come from, and where was it stored?. Specification Reference. Learning Objective. Understand the principles of genetic engineering. . Understand the techniques used in genetic engineering.. Success Criteria. Describes the steps involved in isolating and then transferring a gene into a vector.. We have been manipulating DNA for generations!. Selective breeding. Allowing only those animals/plants with desired characteristics to produce the next . generation (foods, vaccines, . bidegeneration.