2014 AP US HISTORY POSSIBLE ESSAY/DBQ TOPICS - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

2014 AP US HISTORY

POSSIBLE ESSAY/DBQ TOPICS

Pre-Civil War Race Relations/Slavery/Racism, PART I

Early incidents- Jamestown, Sugar Islands, Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, Bacon’s Rebellion..

Southern justifications/apologists

vs

abolitionists

/ emancipationists-Bible

,

Aristotle

, economic/social justifications, African slavery, England,

indentured servants,

cash crops,

Headright

system.

(All

explain the “peculiar institution

”)

Abolitionism-

starts with 2

nd

Great Awakening, underground RR, Harriet Tubman, racial unrest in the North

(esp

.

the Irish).

Garrison,

The Liberator

, Douglas,

Sojourner Truth

, Broadcloth Mob, nullifies fugitive slave law,

UTC.,

Free-Soil Party and Republican Party.

Slavocracy

-

King Cotton, Whitney- cotton gin, 1 out of 5 actually owned slaves, rest hoped to, harsher slave codes, Nat Turner’s Rebellion- no more emancipation talk,

Impending Crisis of the South-

Helper’s book, South’s #1 defense-

it’s

in the Constitution.

Post Civil War Race Relations/Reconstruction/Civil Rights, PART II

Three plans of Reconstruction- Lincoln(10%), Johnson, Radical

Wade-Davis Bill- 50% loyalty, pocket vetoed by Lincoln

Freedman’s bureau- 1

st

welfare system for former slaves, “40 acres and a mule”

Slave codes/Black codes/Jim Crow laws-apartheid/segregation in South until 1960s

Redeemer governments-white former Confederates back in charge.

13

th

free, 14

th

citizens, and 15

th

vote Recon. amendments, Civil Rights Act of 1868

scalawags, carpetbaggers, rise of KKK, anti-black, Catholic, Jew etc.

Literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clause to block voting

rights.

Sharecropping, tenant farming, economic struggles…

Andrew Johnson’s impeachment- Tenure of Office Act, Sen. Edmund Ross saved him

Strange Life of Jim Crow

by Woodward,

Up from Slavery

by Washington,

WEB

DuBois

Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877- ends Reconstruction, leads to New South (new textile industries)

Plessy

v

Ferguson

“

separate

but equal” 1896,

Brown v

Board

“inherently unequal” 1954

CRA, VRA, Civil Rights Movement, MLK, SCLC, Rosa Parks, Black Panthers, violent

vs

non-violent, SNCC, Malcolm X,

Stokely

Carmichael, Lyndon B. Johnson,

Montgomery Bus boycott, March on Washington, Freedom Summer

Southern resistance- Ole Miss, Little Rock,

Univ

Alabama,

KKK, Freedom Riders,

Bombingham

,

Women’s Rights Movement

Anne Hutchinson, Halfway Covenant, “cult of domesticity”

Abigail Adams-”don’t forget the ladies”, Stanton, Dix, Susan B. Anthony, Jane Addams, Mott,

Woodhall

Seneca Falls Convention-

Declaration of Sentiments- “all men and women”,

1st major women's’ movement meeting.

Post Civil War- same issues, but better organized…

19

th

amendment- “Anthony’s amendment”

Cult of domesticity/Republican Mothers- good wives and mothers

2

nd

Great Awakening, Abolitionist movement, temperance, reform movements of all kinds

Sacrifice during the nations’ wars, gained more educational, work and social

opportunities

, teaching 1

st

profession

Grimke sisters- abolitionism and women’s education, southerners

Margaret Sanger- Birth control, the pill, sexual revolution,

Mueller v. Oregon

, Triangle Shirtwaist fire, sweatshop conditions

WWII-Rosie the

Riveter

,

June

Cleaverism

of the 1950s, ERA Movement of the 1970s, National Organization for Women(NOW)

Betty Friedan-

The Feminine Mystique-

”is that all there is”.

Native American Relations

Chesapeake

(exclusive)

-

New England (exclusive)

Jamestown- 1607 -Puritans and Separatist later “Pilgrims”

Powhatan Indians/

Pocahantas

, tobacco -constant expansion onto native land

Indentured servants, 1619 slaves -King Phillip’s War/

Metacomet

atrocities 1676

Looking for gold, imposing on land -NE Confederation

Tobacco led to expansion of farms -25%

casualities

, highest death % of any US war

“Starving Time”- John Smith -Indians are devil’s own people…..

Bacon’s Rebellion -last major N.A. event in N.E.

Spanish in SW US

-Pilgrims- Thanksgiving, Samoset

Slavery of the Indians -Mystic massacre 1630’s

Columbian exchange- trade w/Europe -Hutchinson/Williams (R.I) dissenters 1630’s

Small pox/diseases --”invented grandparents”

Encomenidas

- plantations, land

Missionaries/conquistadors

New Amsterdam/

New York/France

Goes from

exclusive to inclusive

, intermarriage-fur trade, partners,

Inclusive from the start

-intermarriage, diversity, equality under France/Dutch -Purchase of Manhattan from the Indians by the French

-1

st

owned by the Dutch, taken over by the Br. in 1666

-good relations with the Indians

More Native Background:

Jamestown, King Phillips War, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Tecumseh, Treaty of Greenville,

warhawks

Post Civil War Indian Wars 1864-1890, pop. Spreading west in the Plains Indian tribes

Indian Removal Act, Cherokee, Trail of Tears- early forms of removal out west

Turner Thesis, Century of Dishonor-

Helen Hunt Jackson

Battle of Little Bighorn, George Armstrong Custer, Battle of Wounded Knee (Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse-Sioux)

Chief Joseph, Geronimo, Gen Philip Sheridan-”The only good Indian is a dead Indian”, Brown’s book,

I buried my heart at Wounded Knee

.

Decimation of buffalo, placing Indians on reservations, starvation sets in…

Zinn

- treatment of Indians is all about racism by whites

Dawes Act (1888)- assimilation of the Indians, failed

Indian New Deal in 1934- help square things during the Great Depression.

Steps to American Unity/Lack of

Major steps of Colonial unification-

New England confederation, Dominion of New England, 1

st

Great Awakening, Albany Plan of

Union-Iroquois, French-Indian War- fight for the mother country.

Unite against taxation

–Proc.

o

f 1763, Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Sons of Liberty, Boston Tea Party, The Association, Dec. of Ind., Common Sense, “no taxation w/o representation, boycotts, committees of correspondence……

Colonies coming to together when a common goal

arises but after the war, problems with the Articles, acting independently of each other, disunity..

War of 1812- patriotism and nationalism, icons

Introduction of Nullification and Succession- not just Southern words

North- Embargo, Hartford Con, nullify Fugitive Slave Law, Webster

South-

Va

/Ken Resolutions, SC Null. Crisis, Comp of 1850, J.C. Calhoun, Election of 1860

Compromises- Constitution, Missouri, Tariff, Compromise of 1850, Crittenden Compromise

End of unity- Civil War, Reconstruction, 2 Americas, N and So.

Class warfare- growing difference between rich and poor

Black and White, Native and non-native, young and old, liberal and conservative

Isolationism/Neutrality- Between the Wars

Washington Neutrality proclamation, GW Farewell Address

Embargo Act of 1807, Monroe Doctrine

“War to end all wars”, “War to save democracy”- W. Wilson

Lodge and the Reservationists- Wilson kills his own treaty.

Fourteen points

League of Nations/League Covenant/Article X- US doesn’t join, very weak and lacks power. US to blame?

“Return to

Normalcy

”- President Harding

Red Scare, part I/ Palmer Raids

KKK/Sacco and Vanzetti/anti-foreigner sentiments

Kellogg-Briand Pact/Dawes Plan

Appeasement/Munich Conference

London Economic Conference/domestic concerns/Great Depression- US stays isolated

Neutrality Acts of 1935-37/abandoned China and Spain/no trade with any country at war, gave up our right to Freedom of the Seas

Panay Incident/Rape of Nanking/embargo on Japan

“Send guns not suns”- FDR

Lend Lease(garden hose)/cash-n-carry/destroyers for bases- economic declaration of war on Germany

Ended with the Fall of France and the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor

Broken at times:

Sp

/Am war,

Mex

/Am war….

Imperialism/International Trade and Affairs

The colonists are now becoming the colonizers…

Starts Nationalistic, Patriotic and Jingoistic movements worldwide...

American exports boomed and needed new markets..

Strong’s book

Our Country

and Mahan’s book

Sea Power

Great Rapprochement , repaired our relationship with Britain.

Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, the McKinley Tariff virtually shut off sugar exports to the US and white planters such as Dole/US army were spurred to action….

Overthrew Queen

Lili

and Hawaii became a republic until annexed 1898..

Cuban “

insurrectos

” fighting against the Spanish dictator known as the “Butcher

Weiler

” were threatening American investments and were sensationalized in the “yellow” press.

USS Maine, it mysteriously blew up killing 260 sailors.

Teller Amend.

m

akes Cuba independent. Platt amendment- allows intervention in Cuba.

T. Roosevelt, “Rough Riders”, a lot of problems for the army, but navy shined in this war.

Dewey, Battle of Manila Bay, Battle of San Juan Hill

The Treaty of Paris 1898 gave to the US Cuba, P.R., Guam and Wake Is. and the Philippines, $20 million

Pres. McKinley

reluctant

to keep

Philipines

/

chose to “civilize and

Christianize

the natives”.

The Anti-Imperialist League, led by Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie and Samuel Gompers Filipino rebellion led by Aguinaldo “guerilla war”, water torture and concentration camps, “benevolent assimilation” of the Filipinos in education, infrastructure etc…..

In the 1901 Insular Cases, the Sup. Ct. ruled that the Const. does not necessarily provide rights to these new citizens or “follow the flag

”…...

Rise of the Common Man/TJ-AH/ Jacksonian Democracy

Reread your paper/DBQ on TJ-AH and changing constructionism, look over TJ/AH slide in Unit 3…

Rise of the common man, universal manhood suffrage, DPDF, popular war hero, AJ changes the power of the presidency

Corrupt Bargain, Henry Clay, JQ Adams

Election/Revolution of 1828, nasty election, Rachel dies, wants revenge using presidency to get it

Spoils system, rotation system

Peggy Eaton Affair, cabinet resigns (including VP Calhoun), kitchen cabinet, uses veto more than all presidents combined, including Maysville Road

Three major issues: The BUS, Nullification Crisis, and the Indians

BUS: Nicholas Biddle, pet banks, tool of the rich and wealthy, rejected its renewal by AJ, election of 1832, beats Clay

Nullification Crisis: South Carolina, Black Tariff of Abominations, Calhoun, Compromise Tariff, Force Bill, AJ threatens invasion, South believes tariff too high, stabbed in the back by the North

Indians: Indian Removal Act of 1830, Cherokee, Cherokee

vs

Georgia, John Marshall, Trail of Tears, AJ believes they can’t coexist

Changes the power of the presidency

Countdown to Civil War/Debate over the expansion of slavery west

Failure

to compromise

/

flaws in the

Constitution

California gold rush, 49ers, application for statehood (free or slave?)

Compromise of 1850-Clay, Calhoun, Webster (7

th

of March-”no peaceful succession”)

4 parts of the comp.- Cal free, tough fugitive slave law,

Tx

debt, no slave trade in DC

Massachusetts “

nullies

”- North refuses to enforce fug. Slave law

Kansas-Nebraska Act- Stephen Douglas

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

,

Impending Crisis of the South

, “

Ain’t

I a woman”, underground railroad-Harriet Tubman

Bleeding Kansas- New. Eng. Emigrant –”Beecher’s bibles” to Kansas

Election of 1856- Republican Party-doesn’t have to win in the South….

Dredd

Scot- “obiter dictum”, slaves are property can not use courts

Crash of 1857- South unhurt economically, belief in “King Cotton”

Lincoln-Douglas debates- Freeport Doctrine

Harper’s Ferry- John Brown, South begins to prepare for war

Election of 1860- Lincoln wins over Douglas and others, only wins northern states

Succession of S.C.- faked it in 1833, now its real, other states quickly follow, C.S.A formed 11 states 2 territories

Fort Sumter- first shots fired

Articles of Confederation/Constitution

Newburgh Conspiracy failed, a post war recession, Continental dollars/state currencies were worthless

States began to bicker about $ as well as western land claims

England dumped cheap goods on the newly reopened US markets and destroyed US industries

The 2

nd

Continental Congress adopted the 1

st

plan of Gov’t for the new US in 1777 the Articles of Confederation.

Weakenessess:

only 1 branch of govt, legislature could only ask for donations, states had just one vote, most votes required a 2/3 majority…no solutions for the post war problems..

Article Strengths:

they worked fairly well of the common goal to win the war, they held the country together. Negotiated the Treaty of Alliance with France and the Treaty of Paris 1783, were stepping stone from the Association to the Constitution, learned what not to do the next time.

The Land of Ordinance provided for the distribution of western lands and the NW Ordinance outlined the 3 step process for a territory to become a state

States bickered over commerce laws, donations to the Fed Govt, western lands

It soon became clear to many that the Articles needed to be amended or replaced

Daniel Shays’ Rebellion was the turning point, Fed Govt seemed helpless to deal with it

Annapolis Conference, need to “amend the articles” , Miracle at Philadelphia- Bowen

GW president of the convention, JM-”Father of the Constitution”, Virginia and New Jersey Plans

Compromises- Great Compromise (representation in Congress), 3/5 compromise, slave trade, ratification, and electoral college.

Roger Sherman, Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamiliton

Constitution- seperation of powers, delegated and reserved powers, branches of government, strong central government

Federalists- supporters of the Con,

Federalist Papers

- written by JM,JJ, AH, Madison’s #10-important

Anti-Federalists- opposed the Con, wanted a Bill of Rights added to protect individual liberites, wanted strong state goverments, believed a strong central govt would be like the British King

A revolution, this time peaceful, engineered by a small group of conservative white, changed the course of US History

Populism/Progressivism/Unionism

Sherman Silver Act of 1890,

“artificial inflation”

demanded by

debtors

such as farmers

,

the

McKinley tariff

. Bimetallism- ^ $ supply to pay off debts

The movement was especially strong

in Kansas

, the Midwest and in the South The

Populist gained support

as millions of farmers joined their ranks

Attacked

“special interest”,

RR, Banks, Industry and other “enemies of the people”, they clamored for reforms, wishing to

reform the system

Mary Lease ,

“ raise less corn and raise more hell”,

“Wall Street”

Panic of 1893,

massive depression brought many supporters to the party

Need labor union/immigrant factory workers votes, anti-public

Pushed for minimum wage, 8

hr

work day, direction election of senators, secret ballot, income tax,

govt

regulation of big business

Coin’s Financial School, William Hope Harvey,

“

silverites

”

vs

“gold

bugs”

, William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech, William McKinley, Election of 1896.

Populists died, but their ideas were kept alive by the Progressive Movement, led by the muckrakers, women, Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

Ida Tarbell-

Reckafella

, didn’t offer solutions

Many issues: trusts,

govt

corruption, alcoholism, women/child labor, poverty, slums, business corruption, primaries, eliminate pol. Machines..

16

th

, 17

th

, 18

th

, 19

th

amendments

Triangle Shirtwaist Co. fire, sweatshops, Muller

vs

Oregon, WCTU.

Trustbusting

, Square Deal, 3 C’s, Sherman and Clayton Anti-Trust Acts, Underwood Tariff

Louis Brandies

Other People’s Money

- Fed Reserve and Upton Sinclair’s

The Jungle-

FDA

Economic, Social, and Political turmoil from 1960-1980

Presidencies of Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan.

DOES NOT INCLUDE CIVIL RIGHTS……

Economic:

Great Society, Guns-n-Butter, Vietnam War-increase of military spending, 50s consumerism, Stagflation, OPEC Embargo/Energy Crisis, Clean Air/Water, Three Mile Island

Social:

Counterculture/Silent Majority, Silent Spring, The Other America, Roe

vs

Wade, Rise of Conservatism-fundamental Christians, Kent State Massacre, decline of labor unions/middle class industrial jobs, anti-war crowd, 50s conformity

Political:

JFK/RFK/MLK assassinations, Vietnam War, Gulf of Tonkin Incident,

Tet

Offensive, Miranda case, Nixon’s détente with USSR/China, Iran hostage crisis, USSR invasion of Afghanistan, Watergate, SALT I and II.

Other potential essay topics by Unit

Unit 1: Colonial ESP, early Colonial Unity (pre Rev War)

Unit 2: Rev War as a social reformer (women, blacks, Indians), mercantilism

Unit 3: American System

Unit 4: Reform movement, women

Unit 5: Slavery, Manifest Destiny

Unit 6: Strengths and

weaknesses

of the North and South, strategy, choices Lincoln and Davis had before Ft. Sumter,

Eman

. Proc.

Unit 7: Populism, Imperialism

Unit 8: TR (Foreign and Domestic Policies) and the modern presidency, Wilson and the Triple Wall of

Privilege

, causes of WW I, Progressivism

Unit 9: Causes of the Depression, economic boom of the 20s, New Deal

Unit 10: Origins of the Cold War, Truman’s decision to drop the A-Bomb

Unit 11: Cold War, McCarthyism, consumerism and culture of the 50s, counterculture movement

Unit 12: Vietnam to Watergate to Carter: decline of American power.