PPT-IONS!

How they are formed Valence Electrons Valence Electrons of an atom are the electrons that are in the outermost s and p sub shells ONLY S AND P To determine how many electrons are in your valence shell look at where your element is on the periodic table. Names of Common Polyatomic Ions. . Ion Name Ion Name. . NH. 4. . +. ammonium. . CO. 3 . 2-. carbonate. *NO. 2. . -. *nitrite . HCO. 3. . -. The electrolysis of aqueous solutions. Aqueous. solutions are solutions in . water. .. Water is a very weak electrolyte. It ionises very slightly to give hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.. H. 2. O. (l). Explain how a galvanic cell is used to produce electrical . energy. Galvani's frog united chemistry, physics. THE UNION of physics and chemistry began with the twitching of a frog's leg. In the 1790s Luigi Galvani lay a dead frog on a table. Also on the table was a static electricity generator. An assistant accidentally touched the nerves of the frog with a scalpel and the muscles of the frog contracted . Chapter 2 BLB 12. th. Expectations. Recognize important steps in the discovery of the atom and its structure.. Work with isotopes.. Learn about the periodic table.. Differentiate between molecular and ionic compounds.. Oxidation and Reduction. Oxidation-reduction (. redox. ) reactions involve transfer of electrons. Oxidation – loss of electrons. Reduction – gain of electrons. Both half-reactions must happen at the same time. SNC2D. Polyatomic Ions. Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that tend to stay together and carry an overall ionic charge. The ion is typically held together with covalent bonds. The polyatomic ion is capable of bonding with other ions. The Building Blocks of Matter. Chapter 2. Chapter Outline. 2.1 The . Rutherford Model of . Atomic Structure. 2.2. . Nuclides and Their Symbols. 2.3 . Navigating the Periodic Table. 2.4 The . Masses of Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. Instrumentation:. Ionization methods and analyzers. Parts of an MS. Ionization Methods. EI. CI. FD. FAB. MALDI. ES. EI (and CI). EI vs CI. FD. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_desorption. High voltage applied to metal emitter with carbon . What are the four emergent properties of water that are important for life?. cohesion, expansion upon freezing, high heat of evaporation, capillarity. cohesion, moderation of temperature, . expansion upon freezing, solvent properties. Chemistry in Aqueous Solution. Types of Electrolytes. Strong : Completely dissociated (break into ions). Weak : Partially dissociate. Non : No dissociation occurs. Examples of Electrolytes. Strong: Soluble Ionic Compounds. How elements become charged. How elements become charged. ION – A charged atom. All elements on the periodic table are NEUTRAL because they have the same number of . protons (+) and electrons (-). By. Dr. . Ayisha. . Qureshi. Assistant Professor, Physiology. MBBS, MPhil. OBJECTIVES. By the end of this lecture, you should be able to:. Define Nernst potential . Use the Nernst equation to calculate the values of Nernst potential for Na, K & Cl. 2. , is used in the processing and bleaching of pulp from wood fibers and recycled cardboard. .. Learning . Goal . Write the name and formula for an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion.. Polyatomic Ions. Valence electrons. Valence electrons. . are . those electrons . that are . lost. . or . gained. . when . elements combine.. Nonmetals. will . gain. electrons . when forming . compounds. They . become .