4 Emotions Lets think about this Take out notessheet of paper Make a list of all of the emotions you can think of in 2 minutes Ready Set GO Now group similar emotions into categories ID: 371080
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Unit 4:EmotionsSlide2
Let’s think about this:Take out notes/sheet of paperMake a list of all of the emotions you can think of in 2 minutesReady… Set… GO! Now group similar emotions into categories Slide3
Basic EmotionsSlide4
8 Basic Emotions Theory (Tomkins,1962) Eight basic fundamental and universal affects:1. Excitement
2. Joy
3. Surprise
4. Distress
5. Disgust
6. Anger
7. Shame
8. FearSlide5
Emotion
Emotions are our body’s adaptive response. They involve the whole organism.
physiological arousal
expressive behaviors
conscious experienceSlide6
Function of EmotionsIncrease, decrease, or regulate arousal Direct perception and attentionInfluence learning and memory
Organize and motivate
Communicate with others Slide7
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Controversy
Does physiological arousal precede or follow your emotional experience?
Does cognition (thinking) precede emotion (feeling)?
Does your heart pound because you are afraid or do you feel afraid because your heart is pounding?Slide8
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Commonsense View
When you become happy, your heart starts beating faster. First comes conscious awareness, then comes physiological activity.Slide9
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James-Lange Theory
The James-Lange Theory proposes that physiological activity precedes the emotional experience.Slide20
Cannon-Bard
Walter Cannon and Phillip Bard questioned the James-Lange Theory and proposed that an emotion-triggering stimulus and the body's arousal take place simultaneously.Slide21
Two-Factor Theory
Stanley
Schachter
and Jerome Singer proposed a theory which suggests our physiology and cognitions create emotions. Emotions have two factors–
physical arousal and cognitive label
.Slide22
Theories of emotionsSlide23
Which one
? – Cannon-BardSlide24
Which one
? – Two-FactorSlide25
Which one? – James-LangeSlide26
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Arousal and Performance
Arousal in short spurts is adaptive. We perform better under moderate arousal, but optimal performance varies with task difficulty – lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, higher levels of arousal for easy tasks. Slide27
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Physiological Similarities
Physiological responses related to the emotions of fear, anger, love, and boredom are very similar.
Excitement and fear involve a similar
physiological arousal.Slide28
Polygraph test
Physiological SimilaritiesSlide29
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Physiological Similarities
An arousal response to one event
spills over
into our response to the next event. Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which may lead to rioting.
Arousal
fuels emotions, cognition channels
it
.
Slide30
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Cognition and Emotion
What is the connection between how we
think
(cognition) and how we
feel
(emotion)?
Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking?
Must cognition precede emotion?
Can we have emotional reaction without conscious thinking?Slide31Slide32
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Two Routes to Emotion
Cognition does not always precede emotion.Slide33Slide34
Reading Emotions Activity InstructionsTake out notes & a phone or tablet
Go to
kjorlien.weebly.com
> BLOG > open the link titled “Can you Read People’s emotions?”
Complete quiz
Write down your score
Answer the following questions:
How did you decide what feeling was displayed?
Do you think that you are good at understanding facial cues?
Give an example of a time when you misread a facial cue in real life. Slide35
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Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this non-verbal language of emotion universal?Slide36
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Nonverbal Communication
Most of us are good at deciphering emotions through non-verbal communication. In a crowd of faces a single angry face will “pop out” faster than a single happy face (Fox et al. 2000).Slide37
Experience also has a major impact on our ability to read particular emotionsSlide38
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Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Women are much better at discerning nonverbal emotions than men. When shown sad, happy, and scary film clips women expressed more emotions than men.Slide39
Gender Differences in Emotion
Women’s nonverbal sensitivity helps explain their greater emotional literacy
Women tend to be more open to their feelings Slide40
Empathy and GenderWomen are more likely to describe themselves as empathetic then men Small gender gap in feeling
empathy but females are more likely to
express
empathy Slide41
Nonverbal CommunicationThere
are many classes and guidebooks that offer advice on how to interpret nonverbal signals when negotiating a business deal, selling a product, or flirting:
Fidgeting, for example,
may reveal anxiety or boredom
.
Touching
could be a sign that you like someone
.
A cold stare or the avoidance of eye contact
can signify hostility
.
Even a single gesture can convey very different emotions—for example, folded arms
can signify either irritation or relaxation
.Slide42
Detecting Emotions Through TextIt is easy to misread communication through email and text messageHow do you make emotions known in text or email?Slide43
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Culture and Emotional Expression
Many expressions are understood across cultures.Slide44
Culture and Emotional ExpressionScientific research on nonverbal communication and behavior began with the 1872 publication of Charles Darwin's
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and
Animals
Darwin believed that our ancestors communicated with facial expressions (before language development), which led to survival
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Slide45
Emotions are AdaptiveSurprise raises the eyebrows and widens the eyes, enabling us to take in more info
Disgust
wrinkles the nose, closing it from foul odorsSlide46
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The Effects of Facial Expression
If facial expressions are manipulated, like furrowing
brows, people feel sad while looking at sad pictures.
Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips touch causes the brow to furrow.