PPT-Diuretics & Antidiuretics

Background Primary effect of diuretics is to increase solute excretion mainly as NaCl Certain disease states may cause blood volume to increase outside of narrowly defined limits Hypertension Congestive heart failure. 41. Diuretics. Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy. Basic functional unit of the kidney: nephron. Four functionally distinct regions. Glomerulus. Proximal convoluted tubule. Loop of Henle. Distal convoluted tubule. Drugs. Diuretics. A chemical agent that increases the rate of urine formation.. Reabsorption of Na in the kidney results in the reabsorption of water. It follows that inhibition of Na reabsorption will result in diuresis. Because of this, the term diuretic has come . A. Kidney functions. Kidneys have a number of essential functions:. 1. excretion. 2. regulate: . fluid balance . electrolyte composition . acid-base balance . 3. secrete enzyme renin . . 4. secrete erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates RBC. 205b. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs). Cause skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis for purpose of preventing movement. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs). Cause skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis for purpose of preventing movement. The obvious but sometimes not so obvious root cause . Dr Ivy Branin, ND. Simplicity Health Associates. Learning Objectives. Which commonly prescribed medications deplete nutrients? . What are the nutrient depletions associated with these medications?. . Drugs affecting myometrium. . . Diuretics. . may. . be. . represented. . by. . the. . following. . groups. .. I. . Diuretics. . have. . a. . direct. . effect. . on. . the. . function. Substances that inhibit water excretion without affecting salt excretion. . . Reduce urine output . .. . More precise term . anti-. aquaretics. . Primary indication - diabetes . insipidus. Drug classification. . Most diuretic agents are inhibitors of renal ion transporters that decrease the . reabsorption. of Na+ at different sites in the . nephron. . . As a result, Na+ and other ions, such as . Cl. −, enter the urine in greater than normal amounts along with water, which is carried passively to maintain osmotic equilibrium.. Carbonic anhydrase is in the PCT, where it catalyzes the dehydration of H. 2. CO. 3. .. By blocking carbonic anhydrase, drugs block NaHCO3 reabsorption and cause diuresis.. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are now rarely used as diuretics. Diuretics. Sympathoplegic agents. Direct vasodilators. Agents that block action of angiotensin. Most anti-HT drugs ↓ BP by ↓ CO &/or ↓ PVR. Mechanisms for Controlling Blood Pressure (BP):. Mild HT can be controlled with a single drug;. Ph.D. ). Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, . Afe. . Babalola. University,. Ado-. Ekiti. , . Ekiti. state.. Overview of renal functions. R. egulation . of water and electrolyte balances . Heart failure:. Cardiac output is insufficient to adequately perfuse the tissue . Heart failure. Is an extremely serious cardiac condition associated with high mortality. . The fundamental physiologic defect in heart failure is a decrease in cardiac output relative to the needs of the body, and the major manifestations are . Eric Klug. Fluid Overload. Congestion is a primary cause of worsening heart failure and HF hospitalisation. Residual congestion at the time of discharge is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcomes and hospital readmission. M.B.Ch.B/ MSc. Clinical pharmacology. Potassium-sparing diuretics . act in the collecting tubule to . inhibit. . Na + reabsorption and K+ excretion. . . Potassium. . levels must be monitored in patients treated with potassium-sparing diuretics. .