By Kaitlyn LeCompte Juliana Gracey amp Marc Danese Overview Phototrophs Chemotrophs Aerobes Anaerobes Binary Fission Steps of Binary Fission Genetic Recombination Bacterias Resistance to Drugs ID: 1025736
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1. Bacteria Structure, Reproduction, and RecombinationBy: Kaitlyn LeCompte, Juliana Gracey, & Marc Danese
2. OverviewPhototrophs, Chemotrophs, Aerobes, AnaerobesBinary Fission, Steps of Binary Fission, Genetic Recombination, Bacteria's Resistance to DrugsConjugation, Transformation, Transduction
3. Phototrophs KaitlynHeterotrophs- need outside material to get food vs. Autotroph- makes their own foodPhototrophs- Use sunlight through the process of photon capture to get ATPOccurs in ETC/protein pumpingPhotoheterotroph- Uses photophosphorylation to get ATP-needs organisms Bio-structure is built by compounds obtained from the environmentPhotoautotroph- Convert abiotic material-> biotic material (Photosynthesis!)Ex. Algae, protists, and bacteriaProvides a source of food for all other life forms excluding other autotrophs
4. Chemotrophs KaitlynChemotrophs- Obtain energy through oxidation of inorganic moleculesIron, Magnesium, and SulfurChemoheterotrophs- Need to ingest C molecules from organismsEx. Most bacteria, fungi, and protozoansChemoautotrophs- Produce their own energy through the fixation of CO2Ex. Nitrogen fixing bacteria (ground), Iron oxidizing (lava), and Sulfur oxidizing (thermal vents)
5. Aerobes KaitlynObligate Aerobes- Require O2 for aerobic respiration to break down substratesCreates more energy than anaerobic anaerobesEx. Almost all animals, most fungi, along with several bacteria
6. Anaerobes KaitlynObligate Anaerobes- No oxygen required! Use fermentation/anaerobic respiration.Has superoxide dismutase and catalase to convert lethal superoxide produced due to high O2 levelsFacultative Anaerobes- Use aerobic respiration if O2 is present. Can use fermentation/ anaerobic respiration if absent.Survives in many environments- Too much O2 = obligate anaerobes die. Too little = obligate aerobes die
7. Binary Fission JulianaProcess bacteria use to carry out cell division-binary fissionSimilar to mitosisCopy DNAChromosomes are copied and separatedCytoplasm divides=2 new bacteria"division in half"
8. Steps of Binary Fission JulianaSingle bacteriaOrigin of replication opens & replication begins Origins move to elongated endsSeptum forms2 bacteria
9. Genetic Recombination JulianaOffspring with characteristics different from both parentsOccurs during meiosis2 chromosomes pair upCrossing over occursProduct: new combination of genes
10. Bacteria's Resistance to Drugs JulianaBacteria change to reduce or eliminate drug effectivenessGenetic mutation or inheritanceSurvive then multiply causing more harmSusceptible bacteria are killed by the antibioticSelective pressure: influence exerted by antibiotic that promotes one group over another
11. Conjugation Marc A process bacteria use to share DNA with each otherNeed to be touching to share the DNAA pilus formsThe channel that forms between bacteria to share DNAallows bacteria to increase genetic diversity
12. Conjugation Con't MarcRequires a set of F genes (Fertility genes)F genes carry DNA through the pilus
13. Transformation Marc A process in which DNA is taken up by a cellThe cell must be competentThis process is highly unusual for bacteria
14. Transduction MarcThe transfer of DNA between cells using a virus particleDoes not require contact to transfer DNATwo types of TransductionGeneralized TransductionSpecialized Transduction
15. Kaitlyn's ABCsWhich of the following bacteria are able to carry out both aerobic respiration and fermentation?A- Obligate AerobesC- Obligate AnaerobesD- Aerotolerant Anaerobes B- Facultative Anaerobes
16. Kaitlyn's ABCsThis type of animal uses chemical reactions to produce energy for itself without interacting with other organisms. Is it a __________ .A- PhotoheterotrophB- PhotoautotrophC- Chemoheterotroph D- Chemoautotroph
17. Juliana ABCsThe process bacteria use to carry out cell division is called ______ .A- MitosisB-MeiosisD-Facilitated DiffusionC-Binary Fission
18. Juliana ABCsThe influence exerted by an antibiotic that promotes one bacteria group over another is known as ________ .B-Genetic mutation C-Crossing OverD-Meiosis A-Selective pressure
19. Marc ABCsWhat forms between bacteria during Conjugation? A- a carrier proteinC- a phototrophD- an aerobeB- a pilus
20. Marc ABCsWhat process transfers DNA using a virus?A- TransformationB- MitosisD- ConjugationC- Transduction
21. OverviewPhototrophs, Chemotrophs, Aerobes, Anaerobes Binary Fission, Steps of Binary Fission, Genetic Recombination, Bacteria's Resistance to Drugs Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction