Sugiarto STP MP MSc BACKGROUND Almost everyone working in a workshop has at some stage in his or her career suffered an injury requiring some kind of treatment or first aid ID: 686218
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Slide1
Workshop Safety
Yusron
Sugiarto
, STP, MP,
MScSlide2
BACKGROUND
Almost
everyone working
in a
workshop has
at some stage in his or her career suffered an injury requiring some kind of treatment or first aid.
The cause
may have been
carelessness by the victim or a colleague, defective
safety equipment,
not using
the safety equipment provided or inadequate protective clothing.
Whatever the explanation given for the accident, the true cause was most likely a failure to think ahead.
You must learn to work safelySlide3
OBJECTIVE OF WORKSHOP SAFETY
It is needed
to eliminate accidents
causing work stoppage and production loss.
It is needed to prevent accidents in industry by
reducing any hazard to minimum
It is needed to
reduce workman’s compensation, insurance rate and all the cost
of accidents
.
Workshop safety
is needed to
check all
the
possible chances of accidents
for
Preventing loss
of life and permanent disability
of any
employee
, any damage
to machine
and material as it leads to the loss to the whole establishmentSlide4
It is required to educate all members
regarding the safety principles to avoid accidentsin industry.
OBJECTIVE OF WORKSHOP SAFETY
It is needed to
achieve better morale
of the industrial employees.
It is required to
have better human relations
within the industry.
It is needed to
increase production
means to a higher standard of living.Slide5
ACCIDENTS AND THEIR TYPES
1. Near Accident
An accident with no damage or injury is called near accident.
2. Trivial
An accident with very less damage is called trivial.
3. Minor AccidentIt is an accident with damage and injury more than trivial.4. Serious AccidentAn accident with heavy damage and lot of injury is called serious accident.5. FatalIt is an accident with very heavy damage. There may be loss of lives also.Slide6
Effect of AccidentsSlide7
Effect of Accidents
Direct cost of an accident
Cost
of the
compensation paid to the workers
.2.
Cost of the money paid for treatment.
3. Cost of the monetary value of damaged tools, equipments and materials.Slide8
Effect of Accidents
Indirect cost of an accident
1. Cost of the
lost time
of injured worker.2. Cost of the time lost by other employees
.3. Cost of the delays in production.
4. Cost of the time lost by supervisors, safety engineers etc.
5. Cost of the lowered production due to substitute worker.Slide9
Effect of Accidents
The industrial workers may
get temporary or permanent
disability.
If
the industrial worker dies,
his family loses the earner and the compensation never equals to his earnings.
Accident also affects the morale of the employees working in the
manufacturing environment.Slide10
Effect of Accidents
Cost of accidents is included in the products, so the
society has to pay more
prices
for
the industrial products.If some industrial workers do not come under compensation act, the need for
help from society is much greater.Loss of production hours may causes
fewer products in market. So more prices if demand is more than productionSlide11
CAUSES OF ACCIDEENTSSlide12
CAUSES OF ACCIDEENTS
Human Causes
Accidents
may occur while working
on unsafe or dangerous equipments
or machineries possessing rotating, reciprocating and moving parts.
Accidents occur while operating machines without knowledge, without
safety precautions, without authority, without safety devices.
Accidents generally occur while operating or working at unsafe speed.Slide13
CAUSES OF ACCIDEENTS
Human Causes
4. Accidents
may occur while working for
long duration of work
, shift duty etc.5. Accidents commonly occur during use of improper tools.6. Accidents may occur while working with mental worries, ignorance, carelessness, nervousness
, dreaming etc.7. Accidents occur because of not using personal protective devices.Slide14
CAUSES OF ACCIDEENTS
Environmental Causes
1. Accidents may occur during working at
improper temperature and humidity
causes fatigue to the workers so chances of accidents increases with workers having fatigue.2. The presence of dust fumes and smoke in the working area may causes accidents.
3. Poor housekeeping, blocked exits,
bad plant layout etc. may cause accidents.4
. Improper ventilation in the plant may also leads to industrial accidents.Slide15
CAUSES OF ACCIDEENTS
Mechanical Causes
1. Continued use of
old, poor maintained
or unsafe equipment may result in accidents.
2. Accidents commonly occur due to use of unguarded or improper guarded machines or equipments.
3. Unsafe processes, unsafe design and unsafe construction of building structure
may lead to accidents in the plant.4. Accidents occur due to improper material handling system and
improper plant layout.5. Accidents may occur due
to not using of safety devices
such as helmets, goggles
, gloves
, masks etc.Slide16
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide17
Whenever the
new tools, devices, equipments and machine are designed
, they should beensured that all their dangerous parts are either enclosed in suitable housings or provided
with suitably designed safety guards in order to
eliminate any chances of danger that couldoccur due to exposure of the dangerous parts.All control handles of machines should be carefully located to
ensure adequate safety in their operation.
Safety by ConstructionSlide18
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide19
The main principle involved in the method for safety by position is to design the machine
insuch a way that the dangerous parts are so located or placed that they are always
beyondreach of the operator. It is therefore always advisable that all the dangerous parts of themachine should invariably be guarded or enclosed in the body or housing of the machines
as far the design conditions permit. If it is not possible suitable external fencings must be incorporated suitably
Safety by PositionSlide20
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide21
Such fixed guards either form an integral part of the machine
or are so tightly secured tothem that they are not easily removable
. In all cases, fixed guards are developed to have arobust and rigid construction
and they should be so placed that any access to the dangerousparts of the machine is totally prevented
from all directions particularly in the runningcondition of the machines.
Safety by Using Fixed GuardsSlide22
Fixed
guards adjusted in position remain fixed and they are neither moved nor detached. In some cases the fixed guards are provided at a distance
from the danger point. Such a provision will carry a remote feeding arrangement and, therefore, the
operator will not be required to go near the dangerous points.
Safety by Using Fixed GuardsSlide23
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide24
Safety by Using Automatic Guards
Automatic guard and machine operation is so linked that the part will automatically bring
the guard in protecting position before the operation of the machine starts. The design of this guard is of such a kind that it automatically forces the operator
to move away from the dangerous area of work before the operation starts.
Such arrangement of such guard does not permit the operator access to this area again until and unless the machine stops. Slide25
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide26
Safety by Using Distance Guards
Distance guard helps to fence the dangerous components of machine such as bars or rails and
position them at a suitable distance from the machine such that even operator by chance,extends his hands over it, his fingers, clothes or any of the body does not reach within thearea of dangerous parts. For additional safety, some sort of tripping device should always
be incorporated to stop the machine rapidly in case of an accident.Slide27
COMMON
SAFETY METHODSSlide28
Safety by Workplace Layout
1. A suitable layout
and proper working conditions play an important role in preventing accidents which would have otherwise occurred.
2. Moving path or passage ways
should be clearly marked and never be obstructed.3. Every employee should have enough space
to move and operate the machine.4. The floor condition must be of non-skid kind. It should act as a satisfactory plane which can be
easily cleaned.5. Height of working rooms should be adequate for proper ventilation and lighting.Slide29
6. Fire walls should be used to separate various compartments.7.
Windows should have adequate size and should be in adequate numbers.8. Illumination should be
sufficient, continuous, uniform and free from glare.9. Proper ventilation should be there in workplace.10. Noise level should be proper if any
. If it is high, use silencers to minimize the noise level.
Safety by Workplace LayoutSlide30
The following general types of safety are considered in the workshop
1. Safety of self.2. Safety of job.3. Safety of machines tools.
TYPES OF SAFETY
However there are general safety precautions to be adopted while working in any workshopSlide31Slide32Slide33
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Eye protection: Serves as a guard against the hazards of impact, splashes
from
chemicals
or molten metal, liquid droplets (chemical mists and sprays), dust, gases andwelding arcs. Eye protectors include safety spectacles, eye-shields, goggles,
welding filters, face shields and hoodsSlide34
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Head protection: Includes industrial safety helmets to protect against
falling objects or impact with fixed objects; industrial scalp protectors to protect against strikingfixed obstacles, scalping or entanglement and caps and hairnets to protect against scalping and entanglement.Slide35
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Foot protection: Includes safety boots or shoes with steel toe caps; foundry
boots with steel toe caps, which are heat resistance and designed to keep out molten metal; wellington boots to protect against water and wet conditions and anti-static footwear to prevent the build-up of static electricity on the wearer.Slide36
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Hand protection: Gloves of various design provide protection against a range of
hazards including cuts and abrasions; extremes of temperature (hot and cold); skin irritation and dermatitis and contact with toxic or corrosive liquids. Barrier creams may sometimes be used as an aid to skin hygiene in situations where gloves cannot be used.Slide37
Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Protective clothing: Types of clothing used for body protection include coveralls,
overalls and aprons to protect against chemicals and other hazardous substances; outfitsto protect against cold, heat and bad weather; and clothing to protect against machinerysuch as chain saws. Types of clothing worn on the body to protect the person includehigh-visibility clothing; life-jackets and buoyancy aids.Slide38
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Hazardous substances include:
substances used directly in work activities, e.g. adhesives, paints and cleaning agents
;
substances generated during work activities, e.g. fumes from soldering or welding;
naturally occurring substances, e.g. wood dust.Slide39
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Effects from hazardous substances include:
skin irritation or dermatitis as a result of skin
contact;
asthma as a result of developing allergy to substances used at work;cancer, which may appear long after exposure to the substances which caused it.
losing consciousness asSlide40