PPT-Base Mutations on Protein Function and Phenotypes

Polypeptides made up of amino acids Proteins are polypeptides numerous amino acids First Recall Proteins Peptide Bond between amino acids Notice the R group Its a group of molecules that determines the amino acid. and Causes. What kinds of mutations can occur?. Mutations:. Mutations: are changes in the genetic material.. Mutations can produce changes in a single nucleotide to a whole chromosome. . Gene Mutations:. Dun . dun. dun!!!!! . Nobody’s perfect all the time . About 1/10 billion base pairs end up with a error or mutation . Mutation: . Mistake in replication or environmental effect that results in a c. Dun . dun. dun!!!!! . Nobody’s perfect all the time . About 1/10 billion base pairs end up with a error or mutation . Mutation: . Mistake in replication or environmental effect that results in a c. Point mutations. single base change . silent mutation. no amino acid change. redundancy in code. missense. change amino acid. Changes the final protien. nonsense. change to stop codon. Stopping prematurely . Given a mutation, identify its type. Predict how a mutation will affect a protein.. Mutations. Changes in genetic material (DNA). 2 main types of mutations. Point mutation- change in one or a few nucleotides (letters). How does it happen???. Environmental Influences . such . as: . Chemicals or UV Rays. Inherited: mutations can be passed down from . parent. to . offspring. During copying of . DNA. , . mistakes. can occur. Small-scale mutations. Missense mutations. Nonsense mutations. Silent mutations. Frameshift mutations. Large scale mutations. Causes. Mutagens. The results of mutation. Mutations. Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, caused by various mechanisms.. Conditional mutations. Point mutations. In . point mutations . the sequence of the DNA has been altered at a single position. Where this change consists of replacing one nucleotide by another, it is known as a . KEY CONCEPT:. . Mutations. are changes in genetic material.. VOCABULARY:. Mutation, point mutation, . frameshift. mutation, polyploidy. Mutations – extension from gene expression. . Changes in genotype. Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . What is the relationship between an organism’s DNA and protein specificity?. DNA becomes a specific part of the protein structure. DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequence that becomes part of the protein structure. that lead to . different traits . arising.  . These mutations can be passed down genetically and either be . lost. or become . fixed. .  . Since mutation usually affects a single individual in a population, the initial fraction is small and the probability of fixation is thus also small (high probability of loss).  . A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (switch . A . with a G) . changes . a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. . mutation. Mutations. Actual Mutations . in fruit flies. What is a mutation?. A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA. A mutation can occur in an individual gene. - results in a single changed protein.