PPT-DNA Mutations Base Substitution:

A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another switch A with a G changes a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced . and Causes. What kinds of mutations can occur?. Mutations:. Mutations: are changes in the genetic material.. Mutations can produce changes in a single nucleotide to a whole chromosome. . Gene Mutations:. Polypeptides made up of amino acids. Proteins are polypeptides, numerous amino acids. First Recall Proteins------. **Peptide Bond between amino acids. **Notice the “R” group. It’s a group of molecules that determines the amino acid.. Nobody’s perfect all the time . About 1/10 billion base pairs end up with a error or mutation . Mutation: Mistake in DNA replication or an environmental effect that . results. in a change to the nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA. . Nobody’s perfect all the time . About 1/10 billion base pairs end up with a error or mutation . Mutation: Mistake in DNA replication or an environmental effect that . results. in a change to the nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA. . Point mutations. single base change . silent mutation. no amino acid change. redundancy in code. missense. change amino acid. Changes the final protien. nonsense. change to stop codon. Stopping prematurely . Given a mutation, identify its type. Predict how a mutation will affect a protein.. Mutations. Changes in genetic material (DNA). 2 main types of mutations. Point mutation- change in one or a few nucleotides (letters). The sequence of bases in DNA are like the letters of a coded message or even the letters of a simple alphabet. . If we change the sequence of the letters do we change the nature of the message?. That . How does it happen???. Environmental Influences . such . as: . Chemicals or UV Rays. Inherited: mutations can be passed down from . parent. to . offspring. During copying of . DNA. , . mistakes. can occur. Small-scale mutations. Missense mutations. Nonsense mutations. Silent mutations. Frameshift mutations. Large scale mutations. Causes. Mutagens. The results of mutation. Mutations. Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, caused by various mechanisms.. Mutations. and . polymorphisms. Genetics. and . genomics. ED . 01. . March. . 20. 19.. 2. Geneti. c . variability. I. ncreased. . by . - . S. exual. . reproduction . meiosis (generation of gametes. Mutations. Mutation. : a . change. in DNA. -not all mutations are harmful . -can happen in body cells and in gametes.. . **. mutations are . passed down. to offspring only when they are in the . Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . that lead to . different traits . arising.  . These mutations can be passed down genetically and either be . lost. or become . fixed. .  . Since mutation usually affects a single individual in a population, the initial fraction is small and the probability of fixation is thus also small (high probability of loss).  . mutation. Mutations. Actual Mutations . in fruit flies. What is a mutation?. A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA. A mutation can occur in an individual gene. - results in a single changed protein.