PPT-DNA Mutations Base Substitution:

A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another switch A with a G changes a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced . . Competing Reactions. Alkyl halides can react with Lewis bases by . nucleophilic substitution and/or elimination.. C. C. H. X. +. Y. :. –. C. C. Y. H. X. :. –. +. C. C. +. H. Y. X. :. –. +. . Unit 7. Chapter 12. DNA. D. eoxyribo. n. ucleic . A. cid. RNA. R. ibo. n. ucleic . A. cid. Where does DNA “live”?. The NUCLEUS!. Why is DNA so Important?. * . DNA i. s a nucleic acid that contains the genetic information used in the development and functioning of all living things and some viruses.. Mutation. Permanent change in the genetic material of an organism. All mutations in gametes are inheritable because they are copied during DNA replication. Somatic cell mutations occur in body cells. and Causes. What kinds of mutations can occur?. Mutations:. Mutations: are changes in the genetic material.. Mutations can produce changes in a single nucleotide to a whole chromosome. . Gene Mutations:. Nobody’s perfect all the time . About 1/10 billion base pairs end up with a error or mutation . Mutation: Mistake in DNA replication or an environmental effect that . results. in a change to the nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA. . Given a mutation, identify its type. Predict how a mutation will affect a protein.. Mutations. Changes in genetic material (DNA). 2 main types of mutations. Point mutation- change in one or a few nucleotides (letters). Small-scale mutations. Missense mutations. Nonsense mutations. Silent mutations. Frameshift mutations. Large scale mutations. Causes. Mutagens. The results of mutation. Mutations. Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, caused by various mechanisms.. The types of proteins an organism possesses depend upon the . sequence of nucleotides. The two main types of gene mutations include:. Point mutation: one base pair is replaced for another base pair.. (Chapter 12). Presented by Dr. Laurie M. Erickson. Chair of the Department of Health Sciences. Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College. Chicago, IL, USA.. 12.1-12.2 Mutations . Mutation:. any heritable change in the genetic material. Can the letters of any word be rearranged to form another word in English? Give examples. . If you rearranged the letters at random, is it likely that you would form another English word? Explain your answer. . Mutations. Mutation. : a . change. in DNA. -not all mutations are harmful . -can happen in body cells and in gametes.. . **. mutations are . passed down. to offspring only when they are in the . Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . What is the relationship between an organism’s DNA and protein specificity?. DNA becomes a specific part of the protein structure. DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequence that becomes part of the protein structure. that lead to . different traits . arising.  . These mutations can be passed down genetically and either be . lost. or become . fixed. .  . Since mutation usually affects a single individual in a population, the initial fraction is small and the probability of fixation is thus also small (high probability of loss).  .