A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another switch A with a G changes a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced ID: 1044162
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "DNA Mutations Base Substitution:" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. DNA Mutations
2. Base Substitution: A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (switch A with a G) changes a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. For example: sickle cell anemia change a codon to one that encodes the same amino acid and causes no change in the protein produced. silent mutations.change an amino-acid-coding codon to a single "stop" codon and cause an incomplete protein. This can have serious effects since the incomplete protein probably won't function.
3. Insertion DeletionInsertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.Deletions are mutations in which base pairs are taken out of the DNA strand
4. Frameshift Mutations Since protein-coding DNA is divided into codons three bases long, insertions and deletions can alter a gene so that its message is no longer correctly parsed. These changes are called frameshifts. For example, "The fat cat sat." If each word represents a codon. And the first letter got deleted, the sentence or “protein” wouldn’t make any sense because the codons would get “shifted”