Presentations text content in PROTECT YOUR HEALTH The facts about heart disease and
Slide1
PROTECT YOUR HEALTH
The facts about heart disease and
stroke
High Blood Pressure
Slide2Millions of Canadians at risk of
cardiovascular disease
Over 4.7 million people still smoke
Over 60% of Canadians are above a healthy weight19% have high blood pressure
“Ninety percent of Canadians have at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease – which makes it more important than ever for the Heart and Stroke Foundation to support research into the root causes of the heart disease risk factors AND discovery of successful strategies to prevent the development of these risk factors.” Heart and Stroke Foundation Researcher Dr. Sonia Anand MD PhD FRCPc Professor of Medicine, McMaster University
Slide3Topics for today
How the heart works
Warning signs of heart attack
How the brain worksWarning signs of strokeRisk factors, high blood pressureWhat the Heart and Stroke Foundation is doing
Slide4How the Heart Works
Slide5The heart
Is a muscle the size of a clenched fist
Is located behind the breastbone
Pumps about 100,000 times a dayPumps about 7,600 litres of blood per day
Slide6Anatomy of the heart
Slide7Atherosclerosis
Plaque
Slide8Heart attacks
Blood flow through coronary arteries is blocked
Vital blood supply to heart muscle is cut off
About 70,000 heart attacks each yearVictims can often recover if treated immediately
Slide9Warning signs of a heart attack
Chest discomfort
(uncomfortable chest pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain, burning or heaviness)
Discomfort in other areas of the upper body (neck, jaw, shoulders, arms, back)
Slide10Warning signs of a heart attack
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Nausea
Light-headedness
Slide11Warning signs of a heart attack
If you are experiencing any of the warning signs of a heart attack ….
Call 9-1-1
or your local emergency number IMMEDIATELYStop all activity
Take your normal dose of nitroglycerin (if prescribed)If you are experiencing chest pain, take one dose of 160-325mg of ASA. Rest until the EMS arrive
Slide12Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Most important factor in reducing pre-hospital deaths from cardiac arrest
CPR courses teach lifesaving skills
The Heart and Stroke Foundation collaborated on Resuscitation Guidelines in the US and Canada
“It only takes a few minutes to save a life. CPR and defibrillation if administered early can triple or quadruple a person’s chance of survival.”Heart and Stroke Foundation researcher Ian G. Stiell, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Professor
and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine,
University of Ottawa
Distinguished Professor and University Health Research Chair,
University of Ottawa
Slide13Automated external defibrillator (AED)
Automatically analyses heart rhythm
Delivers controlled shock if needed to restore normal heart rhythm
Now found in public places such as sports arenas and airportsFor course information, please call1-888-HSF-INFO
Slide14How the Brain Works
Slide15The brain
Slide16A stroke is…
An injury to a part of the brain caused by interruption of blood flow
“
Research has shown us that when blood
flow is reduced, the brain tries to protect itself by releasing certain chemicals. In the short term, these chemicals can be protective but if blood flow is not restored quickly, they can actually contribute to brain damage. These insights have opened up new possibilities for developing drugs to protect the brain—agents that we call neuroprotectives.” Heart and Stroke Foundation ResearcherYu Tian Wang, PhD Heart and Stroke Foundation of British Columbia and Yukon Chair in Stroke ResearchProfessor, Department of Medicine,
University of British Columbia
Slide17Ischemic strokes
Slide18Hemorrhagic strokes
Slide19Warning signs of a stroke
Weakness
- Sudden loss of strength or sudden numbness in the face, arm or leg, even if temporary
Trouble speaking
– Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding or sudden confusion, even if temporary
Vision problems
– Sudden trouble with vision, even if temporary
Stroke can be treated. That’s why its so important to recognize and respond to the warning signs.
Slide20Warning signs of a stroke
If you experience any of these symptoms,
Call
9-1-1
or your local emergency number IMMEDIATELY
React immediately
Headache
– Sudden severe and unusual headache
Dizziness
– Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of the above signs
Slide21Risk Factors for
Heart Disease
and Stroke
Slide22Risk factors you can’t control
Age
Gender
Family historyEthnicityPrior stroke or TIA
Slide23What you can do to lower your risk
Know and control your blood
pressure
Know and control your blood cholesterolManage your diabetesMaintain a healthy weightEat a healthy diet
Limit alcohol consumptionBe physically activeBe smoke-freeReduce stress
Slide24Know and control your high blood pressure
High blood pressure has no visible symptoms
Should be checked at least every two years by
a healthcare professionalVisit heartandstroke.ca/bp
Slide25“Blood pressure measures how hard blood pushes against the blood vessel walls.”
Copyright 1996 Tim Peters and Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
W
hat is high blood pressure
Slide26Blood pressure has TWO numbers
Top number = pressure when heart contracts (systolic)
Bottom number = pressure when heart relaxes (diastolic)
Example: healthy BP = 120 80
Slide27Classifications of hypertension
Category
Systolic
Diastolic
Optimal
<120-129
<80-85 mm Hg
High blood pressure
140
90 mm Hg or higher
High normal
130-139
80-89 mm Hg or higher
Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP), 2012
Slide28High blood pressure can:
Increase risk of stroke
Increase risk of heart disease
Damage kidneys and eyesCause impotence
Disrupt circulation
Slide29Risk factors you can’t change
Age
Family history
Ethnic backgroundSouth AsianAboriginal PeoplesPeople of African Descent
Slide30Risk factors you can change
Take your blood pressure medication as prescribed
Understand and monitor your blood pressure
Be smoke-freeMaintain a healthy weightMaintain a balanced diet
Get activeLimit alcohol intakeManage stress
Slide31How often should I check my blood pressure?
Category
Frequency
Optimal
At least every two years by a healthcare provider
130-139
85-89
E
very year
or as recommended by your doctor
Above
139
89
Check often – your doctor will tell you just how often
Slide32If using a home blood pressure monitor:
Ask doctor’s advice
Record results and show to doctor
Select monitor endorsed by Hypertension Canada
Ensure correct cuff sizeCheck monitor for accuracyLearn and use proper measurement technique
Slide33“White coat hypertension”
A few people have high blood pressure when they visit the doctor’s office but have normal blood pressure when they go about their usual daily activities.
Regular monitoring is required, as many people with WCH may develop high blood pressure over time.
Slide34Preparing to take your blood pressure:
Wait 2 hours after a big meal or heavy exercise
Wait 30 minutes after exercising, smoking or drinking caffeine
Don’t measure if you are in pain or upsetBe in calm warm environment
Empty your bladder or bowelSit quietly with your arm and back supported for 5 minutes prior
Slide35When taking your blood pressure:
Do not speak
Be seated
Keep back supported Keep legs uncrossedKeep feet flat on the floor
Ensure arm is supportedPlace cuff on bare arm, 3 cm above fold of elbow, at heart level
Slide36Know and control your blood cholesterol
Ask your doctor if you are at risk and should
be tested
Can be lowered by reducing your fat intake and being physically activeMay be controlled with medication
Slide37Manage your diabetes
Damages blood vessels, causes circulation problems
Reduce risk of diabetes by healthy diet, activity, weight control
Control diabetes to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke
Slide38Maintain a healthy weight
Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight by enjoying regular physical activity and healthy eating
Small weight loss can significantly reduce risk
Visit heartandstroke.ca/healthyliving
“With over 60% of Canadians being over-weight or obese, we are faced with a serious public health problem.” Heart and Stroke Foundation Researcher Bruce A. Reeder MD, MHSc, FRCPCDepartment of Community Health and EpidemiologyUniversity of Saskatchewan
Slide39Eat a balanced healthy diet
Enjoy a variety of foods from the four food groups
Choose lower fat dairy products, leaner meats and watch your portion size
Find delicious recipes and helpful cooking tips atheartandstroke.ca/recipes
Slide40Reduce dietary salt
Choose fresh foods
Prepare home cooked meals
Season foods with herbs, salt-free spices, lemon, vinegar, garlic and onionLimit intake of salty condiments
Avoid salty processed foodsLook for products with the Health Check™symbol
Slide41Limit alcohol consumption
Women—no more than 2 drinks/day to a maximum of 10 drinks/week
Men—no more than 3 drinks/day to a maximum of 15 drinks/week
These guidelines do not apply if you are driving a vehicle,
taking medications or other drugs that interact with alcohol, pregnant or are trying to get pregnant or breastfeeding, making important decisions, doing any kind of dangerous physical activity, living with alcohol dependence or mental or physical health problems, or responsible for the safety of others. If you are concerned about how drinking may affect your health, talk to your doctor
Slide42Be physically active
Adults aged 18-64 should accumulate at least
150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per week in bouts of
10 minutes or moreBe active most days of the weekConsult a healthcare professional before starting an activity program
Slide43Be smoke-free
Smoking cessation programs improve the
chances of quitting
Visit heartandstroke.ca for tips on quitting successfully
“After you quit smoking, your risk of heart attack begins to decrease within just two days. Within a year it’s cut in half. And within 10 to 15 years, your risk of heart disease is almost the same as a non-smoker’s.”
Heart and Stroke Foundation researcher
Paul
W. McDonald,
PHD
Professor and Chair, Health
Studies and Gerontology
University
of Waterloo
Slide44Reduce stress
Recognize sources of stress
Consider relaxation exercises
Ask for help from family, friends, or a healthcare professional
Slide45What the
Heart and Stroke Foundation is doing
Slide46The Heart and Stroke Foundation at work in your community
World class research
Advocating for social change
CPR/AEDsPromoting healthy living
Slide47Interested in volunteering?
Visit
heartandstroke.ca
Call 1-888-HSF-INFOContact your local area office
Slide48Visit
heartandstroke.ca
and sign up today!
Slide49What can YOU do?
Learn about your risk factors and how to reduce their impact
Know the warning signs of heart disease and stroke and what to do
Learn CPRBecome a volunteerSign up for He@lthlineVisit
heartandstroke.ca
Slide50Thank you!
PROTECT YOUR HEALTH The facts about heart disease and
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