What are some different categories of drugs What do we call the drugs that are most likely to be abused Drug Abuse The intentional improper use of a drug Drugs that are used for recreational purposes are called ID: 635878
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Slide1
Illegal DrugsSlide2
introWhere do all drugs come from?What are some different categories of drugs?What do we call the drugs that are most likely to be abused?Slide3
Drug AbuseThe intentional improper use of a drug
Drugs that are used for recreational purposes are called
drugs of abuse
many drugs of abuse are illegal drugs-possessing, using, buying, selling is against the law
Drugs of abuse can lead to overdose: taking too much, causing sickness, unconsciousness, permanent health damage, and deathSlide4
So why do people start using drugs?
Experimentation
Escape depression/boredom
Enjoyment of risk-taking behaviors
Believing drugs will solve problems
Peer pressure
Glamorization
Curiosity
*teens have a higher risk of becoming addicted than adults do. Why?Slide5
Types of Abused DrugsSimulants: drugs that temporarily increase a person’s energy and alertnessDepressants: drugs that cause relaxation and sleepinessOpiates: HIGHLY ADDICITVE group of drugs derived from the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers, anesthetics, and sedatives
Hallucinogens: drugs that distort perceptions and cause a person to see or hear things that are not realSlide6
StimulantsAmphetamines
Produced in labs, used to treat neurological disorders—ADHD, Narcolepsy, appetite suppressant
Adderall
Dexedrine
Ritalin
Strattera
Methamphetamine
Meth, crystal, ice
Smoked, injected, or snorted
Euphoria
Loss of appetite
Increased alertness
Hyperactivity
Permanent brain damage, kidney and liver damage, death
Extremely addictive and tolerance builds rapidly
Meth labs—byproducts include poisonous gas, toxic chemicals, explosive substancesSlide7
Stimulants: MethDeveloped in 1919 and used during WWII to keep soldiers awakeUsed in the 1950’s as a diet aidBecame illegal in 1970
Known as “poor man’s crack”
Very addictive
Users are known as “
tweakers
”
***graphic pictures on next slide***Slide8Slide9
Stimulants:Cocaine and Crack Cocaine
From the coca plant in South America
Fine, white powder from leaves is snorted or liquefied and injected
Effects are similar to effects of meth
Agitation
Paranoia
Aggression
Can’t eat, cant sleep
“Crash” when effects of drug wear off
Agitation
Extreme sleepiness
Depression
Intense craving for more
Overdose can cause
Heart attack
Stroke
Seizures
Death
http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/cocaine/international-statistics.htmlSlide10
DepressantsSlow a person’s breathing and reduce brain activity
Tranquilizers, hypnotics
Effects:
Relaxation
Loss of inhibition
Drowsiness
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Memory loss
Overdose-stop breathing, brain damage, coma, death
Combined with alcohol increase risk of deathSlide11
Depressants
Barbiturates-hypnotic drug used to induce sleep
Light anesthesia, epilepsy, insomnia
Amytal
Butisol
Luminal
lunesta
Tranqs
(
Benzodiazapines
)-reduce muscular activity, coordination, attention span
Anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, nervousness
Valium,
xanax
,
Klonopin
Methaqualone-similar to barbituratesInsomniaWithdrawal is very unpleasantRohypnal (better known as…)Lose inhibition, become disoriented, trouble remembering Slide12
Opiates=NarcoticsHighly valued medicine / deadly drug of abuseFrom flowering opium poppy plant
Medicine
Reduce pain
Relieve diarrhea
Suppresses coughing
Induces relaxation
Abused
Quick addiction
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
Cramps, vomiting, muscle pain, shaking, chills, panic attacksSlide13
Opiates: Heroin (1914)Most commonly abused opiate-chemically altered morphineSwallowed, snorted, smoked, injected
“rush” that fades into dreamlike state, feelings of well-being, and drowsiness
Unpleasant withdrawal=desperate to get more=violent crimes
Repeated injection
Skin infections
Open wounds
Scarring
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDSSlide14
Opiates:Morphine and Codeine
Morphine
Similar to heroin
Pain reliever—severe cancer patients
Codeine
Relief of milder pain
Stop coughing
http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/painkillers/international-statistics.html
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-204_162-57608079/krokodil-use-reportedly-spreading-what-makes-dangerous-drug-so-addictive/Slide15
HallucinogensDistort perception, experience things that are not real, emotional experiences seem deeper and more important, extreme anxiety, fear, paranoiaSlide16
Hallucinogens: LSDTablets or absorbed on tongue with small paper squares
Effects (not easy to predict)
Increase energy
Alter mood
Create strange thoughts and sensations
Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Bizarre body sensations
Emotional swings
Panic
Confusion
http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/lsd/international-statistics.htmlSlide17
Hallucinogens: MushroomsEaten raw or mixed with foodPsilocybin
Altered perception of sight, sound, taste, smell, touch
Confusion
Anxiety
Panic
Wrong kind of psilocybin can lead to
Stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhea, deathSlide18
Hallucinogens cont.Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, killer weed, super grass)
Developed as surgical anesthetic in 1950’s
Its sedative and
anaesthetic
effects are trance-like, and patients experience a feeling of being “out of body” and detached from their environment. Use of PCP in humans was discontinued in 1965, because it was found that patients often became agitated, delusional, and irrational while recovering from its
anaesthetic
effects
.
Still made-classified as a designer drug
Dissolvable power, tablets, capsules
Snorted, smokes, injected, swallowed—used to “lace” other drugs
Salvia
Plant found in southern Mexico
Hallucinogenic high lasting only minutes
Made popular by YouTube
Chew leaves, drink extracted juices, inhaled, most commonly smoked
http://
www.sagewisdom.org/legalstatus.htmlSlide19
More Types of Illegal DrugsDespite differences in type, all illegal drugs:
Affect function of the brain
Are dangerous to your health
Can result in dependence and addiction
Four more-commonly abused illegal drugs:
Marijuana
Inhalants
Club drugs
Anabolic steroidsSlide20
Marijuana pot-weed-reefer-dopeDried flowers from the plant
cannabis sativa
A
ctive chemical:
tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
Different plants may have different levels of
THC
Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food and eatenSlide21
Effect of MarijuanaFelt within minutes and lasts for 2-3 hours
Slowed thinking ability
Difficulty paying attention
Distorted sense of time and distance
Giddiness
Loss of short-term memory
Loss of balance and coordination
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Panic attack
Marijuana smoke has also been found to contain many of the same carcinogens as cigarette smoke
Chronic bronchitis
Damaged lung tissueSlide22
Marijuana Long-TermAffects learning and social behavior
THC changes the way sensory info gets into the brain
difficulty remembering, processing, and using info
Difficulty maintaining attention and shifting attention to meet changing demands
Frequent respiratory infection
Develop dependence
Immediately suffer withdrawal symptoms
http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/marijuana/international-statistics.htmlSlide23
Inhalantspoppers, snappers, whippits
Drugs inhaled as vapors (sniffing, huffing)
Examples
Nitrous oxide
Asthma meds
Common household chemicals
Glue, paint thinner, gasoline, felt-tip marker fluidSlide24
Effects of InhalantsHyperactivity
Loss of inhibition
Dizziness
Loss of coordination
Difficulty speaking or thinking
Fear
Anxiety
Depression
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Loss of consciousnessSlide25
Effects cont.Brain
Loss of vision and coordination, death of brain cells, brain damage, coma
Heart and Blood
Irregular heartbeat, heart attack, decreased ability to carry O2
Lungs
Irritation, suffocation
Liver
Permanent liver damage
Kidneys
Permanent kidney damage
Bladder
Loss of bladder controlSlide26
Effects cont.Permanent hearing lossBone marrow damage
Death from suffocation
Stop heart beat all together
Sudden sniffing death syndrome
“Unfortunately, people only discover that they are sensitive to organic solvents after it’s too late”
http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/inhalants/international-statistics.html
Often used as
gateway drugsSlide27
Club (Designer) Drugsecstasy, GHB, ketamine, PCP
Designed to closely resemble common illegal drugs in structure and effect
Changing laws finally made these illegal
Strength and quality unpredictable and unknown
Overdose hard to treat b/c not known exactly what is in the drug Slide28
Designer Drug: EcstasyE, X, XTC, Adam, Molly, MDMAActs as stimulant and hallucinogen
Taken as a pill but also crushed and snorted
Increased awareness of senses
Hallucinations
Increased energy
Loss of judgmentSlide29
Effects of EcstasyMuscle tension
Teeth clenching
Impaired learning and memory
Nausea
Chills
Increased or irregular heartbeat
High blood pressure
Heart attack
Brain damage
Death
*also decreases body’s ability to regulate temperature—easily overheated, may lead to deathSlide30
Other Designer DrugsGHB—G, Liquid X, Liquid E
N
arcolepsy, alcoholism
Euphoria, relaxation, dizziness, loss of inhibition
Vomiting, memory loss, respiratory problems, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, death
Mixed with Ecstasy=higher risk of seizure
Used in many sexual assaults-date rape drug
Ketamine (Special K)
Anesthetic developed in 1963 to replace PCP
Odorless, tasteless
Injected, street drug is evaporated into powder
Hallucinations, numbness, inability to move, loss of memory, coma
Also sometimes used as date rape drug
PCPSlide31
Designer Drugs:Look-Alike DrugsAbused substances slightly different from better-known drugs
Never know exactly what is in them, how strong it is
Cheaper than well-known drugs but just as dangerousSlide32
Anabolic SteroidsSynthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone
Used to promote muscle developing
“anabolic” means “building”
Medicine
Treat muscle wasting in AIDS
Wound healing in elderly
Abnormally low amounts of testosterone in males
Most use illegally to aid in muscle growth
Don’t have immediate psychoactive effects
Do not trigger increased production in dopamine to create “high”
Effect body, not brain**
Addictive??Slide33
SteroidsEffects on Body
Adolescents-Bones mature too early and growth stunted
Severe acne
Increased cholesterol
Rapid weight gain
Liver damage
Kidney tumors
Heart disease
Heart attack
Effects of Mind
Irritable
Aggression “
Roid
Rage”
Hyperactivity
Bizarre sounds, feelings of paranoia, panic attacks, depression, anxiety, suicidal urges
Withdrawal can lead to depressionSlide34
Synergistic EffectMixing two drugs togetherYOU NEVER KNOW WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO GETSlide35
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/