PPT-Amino Acids Dr. Kevin Ahern

Part 1 Amino Acids Structure and Chemistry Building Blocks of Proteins Essential Amino Acids Basic Structure Stereochemistry Side Chain Chemistry Properties Ionization Bonding Amino Acids amp Proteins. Subunits (building blocks) of peptides and proteins. Neurotransmitters. Metabolic intermediates. glutamate. γ. -. aminobutyric. acid. (GABA). Proteins are synthesized from 20 ‘standard’ . α. -amino acids. Their names have 3- and 1-letter abbreviations.. Debalina. . Mukhopadhyay. . . Containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen. . Building blocks of protein. . Contain Amino group (NH2+) , carboxyl . group . (COO-) , Alkyl group (R ) / H . . alpha carbon contains the functional groups.. When an amino acid with positive and negative charges is overall neutral in charge, it is said to be at its . isoelectric point (. pI. ). .. . Ball-and-stick model of glycine at its . pI. of 6.0.. Plants and bacteria produce all of their amino acids using NH. 4. +. and NO. 3. –. .. Humans can synthesize 9 of the 20 amino acids found in their proteins.. Nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body, while essential amino acids must be obtained from diet.. (Foundation Block). Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. Non-standard amino acids.. Derivatives of amino acids.. Subunits (building blocks) of peptides and proteins. Neurotransmitters. Metabolic intermediates. glutamate. γ. -. aminobutyric. acid. (GABA). Proteins are synthesized from 20 ‘standard’ . α. -amino acids. Their names have 3- and 1-letter abbreviations.. DR AMINA . BIOCHEMISTRY. All tissues have some capability for synthesis of:. The non-essential amino acids,. Amino acid remodeling, . and Conversion of non-amino acid carbon skeletons into amino acids and other derivatives that contain nitrogen. . amine group. Draw. a carboxylic acid group. Join. them together to form a molecule with an amine and . a carboxylic acid . group. Amino Acids. Building blocks of proteins. Two functional groups: a carboxylic acid and a primary amine. UNIT IV:. Nitrogen Metabolism. Part 2. Most of the nitrogen in the diet is consumed in the form of protein, typically amounting to 70–100 g/day in the American diet . Proteins are generally too large to be absorbed by the intestine. . . are organic molecules that are the building block of . . proteins. .. -There is 20 . α. -amino acids commonly found in . proteins. . ( . they . have a carboxyl group and an amino group . . . Peptide bond formation. : . α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid . ( . with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can then forms a second peptide bond with a third amino acid (with side chain R3) to give . backbone.  . atoms . (see aminoAcids1).  but a unique set of . side chain . atoms. It's the side chains that make the 20 amino acids different from each other. . 1. Use the three identical backbone pieces and three unique side chain pieces below to construct three amino acids in the space to the right.. u. sing paper chromatography. Kate Andrews. Lorraine Bruce. Unit 1 DNA and the Genome. 3 Control of gene expression. Separation and identification of amino acids using paper chromatography.. Cells and Proteins. imino. acid.” . Figure 5: Comparison of the secondary amino group found in proline with the primary amino group found in other amino acids such as alanine.. 2. Proline: . Proline differs from other amino acids in that its side chain and amino N form a rigid, five -member red ring structure (Figure 5). Proline, then, has a secondary (rather than a primary) amino group. It is frequently referred to as an “.