Native Americans Native Americans Native Americans Native Americans L W Help Im Surrounded L The American Revolution 17761783 The War is Won Vive la France Critical point in the war ID: 465266
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Help… I’m Surrounded!!!
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The American Revolution: 1776-1783
The War is WonSlide7
Vive la France
Critical point in the warBoth needing a victory to win the warBoth making plans to outsmart the otherPatriots waited for aid from French
Brits waited for Washington to attackJuly 1780-French warships appear off coast of RI !Carried more than 5,000 soldiers under French General RochambeauCrowds cheered their bright uniforms & plumageFrench aid had arrived at last but…
Brit fleet arrived soon after trapping them off RIFall 1780-Washington camps just north of NYCHe could keep eye on Clinton and Brits in NYCPlan was to attack as soon as 2
nd fleet of French arriveDon’t arrive for almost another year!!!Slide8
Change in Plans
Washington knew of the fighting in the southKnew Cornwallis was bottled up at Yorktown, VAG-Dub had previously sent Lafayette’s troops to keep them from northAugust 1781- 2
nd French fleet heads to the Chesapeake instead of NYCWashington hatches NEW Patriot plan…Keep Clinton thinking they would attack NYC, but secretly move south instead
This would keep Clinton in the northCan’t help Cornwallis from disaster approachingRochambeau and Washington secretly march 200 miles in 15 days to meet up w/ Lafayette north of YorktownMeet up w/ 2 French fleetsBasically… 3 armies north
2 French fleets off east coastContinental Army of the south (left intact when Cornwallis gave up on Carolinas)All surrounding Cornwallis’ army @ Yorktown, VASlide9
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The Siege of Yorktown
Washington wondered if complicated plan would workHoped he had fooled ClintonHoped French fleet would reach Yorktown in time5 September 1781
G-Dub receives news that fleet is nearly therePlan worked perfectly, and Brits still bored waiting in NYC!!!14,000 Patriot and French troops had the 7,500 Brit and Hessian troops of Cornwallis trapped!!!French fleets kept Cornwallis from escaping by seaContinentals of South kept from retreating south
Meanwhile, Clinton sits and waits bored in NYC waiting for the attack that would never come
Are these guys ever
gonna
attack… I am
soooo
bored!!!Slide11
Cornwallis’ Defeat
9 October 1781-American and French forces begin massive bombardmentSo extreme, bodies lay everywhere of Cornwallis’ armySupplies run low for Brits and so many soldiers dead or wounded
Cornwallis realizes the hopelessness of the situation19 October 1781-Cornwallis surrendersPatriots had won the Battle of YorktownBrits marched b/t rows of French and Patriot forces handing over their weapons
Cornwallis surrenders his sword to Washington!Slide12
Independence
Fighting didn’t end @ YorktownBrits still held Savannah, Charles Town, & NYCFew more fights but…Victory @ Yorktown convinces crown war too costly to
con’t2 sides send delegates to Paris to work out treatyBen Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay for USA3 September 1783- Treaty of Paris signed ending the warAlso peace treaties b/t French and Spanish too
Terms for BritsGreat Britain would recognize USA as independent nationLand claim from Atlantic to Mississippi R. and Canada to Spanish FloridaBrits withdraw all troops from territoryFishing rights off coast of CanadaTerms for USA
USA would allow Brit merchants to collect debts from colonistsLoyalist land would be returnedSlide13
The Newburgh Conspiracy
After surrender, Washington maintained army w/ HQ @ Newburgh, NYPlan was to disband after peace treaty signed Anger mounted but not toward Brits
Congress refused to fund their pensions, and other payDistrust so bad…Plan to not disband and march on Congress if not paidWashington shocked and worriedRevolt like this could destroy new nation!!!
Persuaded army to be patientHe met w/ Congress urged them to pay Washington’s leadership ended threat and Congress got busy writing checksBritish troops leave NYC in Nov. 1783War truly overWashington could finally give up his command
4 December 1783- Washington says farewell to his troopsHe returned home to Mount Vernon where he planned on retiring quietlySlide14
Why the Americans Won
How did they manage to win?
How defeat strongest military in world?Patriots had several advantages…Fought on own landFrench and Spanish aid
Soldiers, navy, generals, $$$Blocked Brit navyBrits could control cities, but not countrysidePatriots knew terrain, and could hide easilyBrave, impulsive generalsMost important…
It was the people’s causeHad personal interest in outcomeDetermination and spirit that could never be beatenSlide15
The Influence of the American Revolution on the World
1776- colonists began a revolutionMaking clear principles of freedom and rights of peopleIdeas lead influence to French people to question their own lives
Ideas shouted by French rebels during French Revolution in 1789Caribbean Islands push for independence as wellBut from France!?!When France overthrown by natives and slaves in Caribbean, Haiti in particular…European control in the New World began to quickly disappear