WORLD HISTORY UNIT 2 CH. 9-10 VOCABULARY TERMINOLOGY - PowerPoint Presentation

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WORLD HISTORY UNIT 2 CH. 9-10 VOCABULARY TERMINOLOGY

THE MIDDLE AGES/DARK AGES/MEDIEVAL ERA/ETC.Slide2
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GOVERNMENT IN THE MIDDLE AGES:

Concordat of Worms --

The struggle between Henry IV and Gregory VII was known as the Investiture

Controversy

. It continued until a new German king and a new pope reached this agreement in 1122. Under it, the bishop in Germany was first elected by Church officials. After election, the new bishop paid homage to the king as his lord. The king in turn invested him with the symbols of temporal (earthly) office

.

Parliament --

In the thirteenth century, during the

reign

of Edward I, an important institution in the development of representative government, the English, emerged. It was comprised of two knights from every country, two people from every town, and all of the nobles and bishops throughout England

.

Magna Carta --

The Great Charter of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English nobles at

Runnymeade

in 1215Slide4

*PLEASE REMEMBER THE WORD “PAPACY” MEANS “POPE” (OR HAVING TO DO WITH THE POPE)Slide5

--LIFE ON THE MEDIEVAL MANOR:

Manorial life --

The smallest unit of feudal government. In Medieval Europe, the common people lived on their own hill or in their own valley. They never went anywhere. They made everything they used. They grew all their food. They worked very hard and gave a great deal of what they produced to the lord of the manor. In exchange, the lord of the manor, who lived in the best house and did none of the work, promised to protect them. In these violent times, that was a really important promise. The people did not believe the lord would live very long anyway, going off to war all the time they way he did, but better him than them

.

Serfs vs. peasants --

Serfs - were legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents and be subject to the lord's control. Peasants - member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms. They were free

.

Feudal system, contract --

under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

Fief --

under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within his fiefSlide6
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WARFARE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES:

Hundred Year's War --

King Philip VI of France seized the duchy in 1337, King Edward II declared war on Philip

.

Vikings --

Norsemen or

North-men

of

Scandinavia

. the most

far-reaching

attacks of the time

.

Crusades --

military expeditions carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to

regain

the Holy Land from the

Muslims.Slide8

THIS KIND OF THING WENT ON FOR 100 YRS. BETWEEN ENGLAND & FRANCE (WHO ARE NOW STRONG ALLIES WITH GOOD RELATIONS) – GUESS TIMES HEALS MOST WOUNDSSlide9

SOCIAL LIFE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES:

Black Death --

The most devastating natural disaster in European history. Bubonic plague was the most common form. It was spread by black rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium. Italian merchants brought the plague with them from

Caffa

, on the Black Sea, to the island of Sicily in October 1347. About 1/3 to 1/2 of the European population died of the

plague.

Chivalry --

in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to

uphold.

Common Law --

a uniform system of law that developed in England based on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than on written law codes; replaced law codes that varied from place to

place.Slide10

“BRING OUT YOUR DEAD! Bring out your dead!” Was heard.Slide11

CULTURE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES:

Gothic architecture --

Appeared in the twelfth century and was brought to

perfection

in the 12th. One innovation was the replacement of the round barrel vault of Romanesque churches with a combination of ribbed vaults and pointed arches. The change enabled the builders to make Gothic churches higher. The use of pointed arches and ribbed vaults also creates an impression of upward movement, as if the building is reaching to God

.

Carolingian Renaissance --

rebirth. This revival involved renewed interest in Latin culture and classical works-the works of the Greeks and the Romans

.

Vernacular --

The language of everyday speech in a particular region.Slide12

Hungarian Parliament dome, gothic architecture in BudapestSlide13

IMPORTANT INDIVIDUALS OF THE MIDDLE AGES:

Joan of Arc --

A deeply religious person. She experienced visions and believed that saints had commanded her to free France. By the time she was 17

yrs.

old she persuaded King Charles to allow her to accompany a French army to Orleans, where she led the troops to several victories during the 100 Years War. She was captured and transferred to the English and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old. She is also known as the Maid of Orleans

.

King Henry IV --

King of Germany, also known as the Holy Roman Emperor. His dates are: 11 November 1050 - 7 August 1106. He was in power from 1056 until his forced abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the

Salian

dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century

.

William of Normandy --

On October 14, 1066, an army of heavily armed knights under him landed on the coast of England and soundly defeated King Harold and his foot

soldiers

, at the Battle of Hastings.Slide14

JOAN OF ARC – HEROINE OF MEDIEVAL FRANCESlide15

… MORE IMPORTANT PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES:

Philip II Augustus --

reigned from 1180 to 1223 was a turning point in French

Monarchy

, expanding its income and power.

Philip IV --

Philip claimed the right to tax the clergy.

Pope Innocent III --

initiated

the Fourth crusade. As it headed east, the crusading army became involved in a fight over the Byzantine empire. In 1204, the crusaders sacked Constantinople.

Richard the Lion Heart --

Agreed

to lead a Third Crusade. Richard negotiated a settlement with Saladin that permitted Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem.

Saint Benedict --

In the sixth century, wrote a set of rules to guide a community of monks he founded. The community became the model for monasticism in the Catholic Church and the Benedictine rule came to be used by other

monastic

groups.

Saladin --

In 1187, the Holy City of Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces under him

.

Justinian --

became

emperor

of the Eastern Roman Empire in 527, he was determined to reestablish the Roman Empire in the entire Mediterranean world.Slide16

SALADIN – LEADER OF THE MEDIEVAL MUSLIM FORCES THAT INSPIRED PAPAL EUROPE TO LAUNCH THE CRUSADES AND RECONQUER THE HOLY LAND FROM HIS RULESlide17

… EVEN MORE IMPORTANT FOLKS FROM THE MIDDLE AGES:

Gregory I --

a strong pope, known as Gregory the Great, strengthened the power of the papacy (office of the pope) and the church

Henry II --

reign from 1154 to 1189. Henry increased the number of criminal cases tried in the king's court and also devised means for taking property cases from local courts to the royal courts. common

law

Thomas Aquinas --

In the 1200s, made the most famous attempt to reconcile Aristotle with the doctrines of Christianity. Known for his Summa

Theologica

, summary of all knowledge on a given subject. His masterpiece was organized accordingly to the logical method of scholarly investigation. He is one of the "Doctors of the Church

".

Charlemagne --

This powerful ruler

, known

to history as Charles the Great

.

Pope Gregory VII --

Elected Pope in 1073, he was

convinced

that he was chosen by God to reform the church. Proclaimed that he was God's vicar on earth and that the Pope's authority extended over all the Christian world, including its rulers.Slide18

Karl der Große or Charlemagne was born near Aachen in about 742. He was the king of the Franks. (The Franks were a Germanic people) – SOME STILL THINK HE WAS FRENCH!Slide19

RELIGION DURING THE MIDDLE AGES:

Monastic Orders --

A

religious

lifestyle in which the man separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God; monks live in monasteries headed by Abbots

.

Heresy --

The denial of basic church doctrines

.

Monastery Life -- Living the life of a monk. Dedicate his life to god

.

Sacraments --

Christian rites

Tithe --

From the

Olde

English word that means "Tenth". To give a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government or feudal lord.Slide20

Madonna del Sasso, medieval monastery on the rock overlook lake Maggiore, Switzerland STILL STANDS TODAY!Slide21

RELIGION + GOVERNMENT IN THE MIDDLE AGES:

Great Schism --

Lasting from 1378 to 1417. It divided Europe. France and its allies supported the pope in Avignon. As France's enemies, England and its allies supported the pope in Rome. It damaged the church.

Inquisition

--

Holy office to deal with heretics. This court developed a regular procedure to find and try heretics. (heresy)

Interdict --

A decree by the pope that forbade priests to give the sacraments of the Church to people. To pursue this aim, Gregory claimed that he-the pope-was truly God's "vicar on earth" and that the pope's authority extended over all the Christian world, including its rulers. Only by eliminating lay investiture could the Church regain is independence.

Investiture --

Controversy The struggle between Henry IV (King of Germany) and Pope Gregory VII, in which the Church issued a decree forbidding high-ranking clerics from receiving their investiture from lay leaders. Henry IV wanted to keep the practice so he

continue

to use the clerics as his own administrator. Without these clerics the king could not maintain power over the German people.

Lay Investiture --

The practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their offices - usually a ring and a staff.Slide22

Where terms come from -- Man Being Questioned By The Holy Inquisition Torture “Feet Held To the Fire”Slide23

THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE AGES:

Money economy --

An economic system based on money, rather than bartering

.

Carruca

--

A heavy wheeled plow with an iron plowshare. Led to growth of farming

.

Guild system --

Business

associations

. Played a leading role in the economic life of

cities

. tanners, bakers, dealers in silk, spices or

wool

Wergild --

"money for a man", the value of a person in money, depending on social status; in Germanic society, a fine paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killedSlide24

The medieval iron plow known as the carruca --Slide25

MISCELLANEOUS (RANDOM) MEDIEVAL TERMS:

Byzantine Empire --

By the beginning of the 8th century, the Eastern Roman Empire was much smaller, consisting only of the eastern Balkans and Asia Minor. a unique civilization that lasted until 1453. The empire was both a Greek and a Christian state.

Clovis --

strong military leader who around 500 became the first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity

Franks --

Only one of the German state on the European continent proved long lasting

Holy Land --

Palestine

Ordeal --

a means of determining guilt in Germanic law, based on the idea of divine intervention: if accused person was unharmed

or after

a physical trial, he or she was presumed innocentSlide26

WITCH HUNTS– most times, the accused would be thrown bound into water. If he/she drowned, they were considered innocent. If they floated, they would be considered Satanically protected, fished out & burned alive.