PPT-Clustering, Phylogenetic

Trees and Inferences about Evolution BMMB597E Protein Evolution 1 Given a set of organisms Can we measure similarities and cluster the organisms into subsets Can we form hierarchical clusterings. Adapted from Chapter 3. Of. Lei Tang and . Huan. Liu’s . Book. Slides prepared by . Qiang. Yang, . UST, . HongKong. 1. Chapter 3, Community Detection and Mining in Social Media.  Lei Tang and Huan Liu, Morgan & Claypool, September, 2010. . Central question in community ecology. What processes are responsible for the identity and relative abundances of co-occurring species in local assemblages?. What is the relative importance of different ecological processes in structuring communities. Machine . Learning . 10-601. , Fall . 2014. Bhavana. . Dalvi. Mishra. PhD student LTI, CMU. Slides are based . on materials . from . Prof. . Eric Xing, Prof. . . William Cohen and Prof. Andrew Ng. Haeckel’s evolutionary trees are among the first attempts at phylogeny inference.. Darwin’s tree. Schools of thought. A. Evolutionary Taxonomy. The basic view was that the best way to reconstruct the phylogeny of a group is to spend a lifetime learning everything one can about the biology of the group.. issue in . computing a representative simplicial complex. . Mapper does . not place any conditions on the clustering . algorithm. Thus . any domain-specific clustering algorithm can . be used.. We . Lecture outline. Distance/Similarity between data objects. Data objects as geometric data points. Clustering problems and algorithms . K-means. K-median. K-center. What is clustering?. A . grouping. of data objects such that the objects . 1. Mark Stamp. K-Means for Malware Classification. Clustering Applications. 2. Chinmayee. . Annachhatre. Mark Stamp. Quest for the Holy . Grail. Holy Grail of malware research is to detect previously unseen malware. 1. Mark Stamp. K-Means for Malware Classification. Clustering Applications. 2. Chinmayee. . Annachhatre. Mark Stamp. Quest for the Holy . Grail. Holy Grail of malware research is to detect previously unseen malware. Produces a set of . nested clusters . organized as a hierarchical tree. Can be visualized as a . dendrogram. A tree-like diagram that records the sequences of merges or splits. Strengths of Hierarchical Clustering. Log. 2. transformation. Row centering and normalization. Filtering. Log. 2. Transformation. Log. 2. -transformation makes sure that the noise is independent of the mean and similar differences have the same meaning along the dynamic range of the values.. Takada N, Fujita H, Kawabata H, Takajo I, Sakata A, Takano A, et al. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia sp. Closely Related to R. japonica, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(4):610-611. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1504.071271. Smits SL, Zijlstra E, van Hellemond JJ, Schapendonk C, Bodewes R, Schürch AC, et al. Novel Cyclovirus in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid, Malawi, 2010–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(9):1511-1513. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1909.130404. Terminology. phylogeny . evolutionary history of a species or group of species. systematics. . classifying and determining evolutionary relationships of organisms . taxonomy . classifying and naming of organisms. Guan D, Li W, Su J, Fang L, Takeda N, Wakita T, et al. Asian Musk Shrew as a Reservoir of Rat Hepatitis E Virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(8):1341-1343. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1908.130069.