Why gender in transport Gender inequality is a development issue No society can develop sustainably without providing access to opportunities services and resources to women and men WB Gender Strategy ID: 642845
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Slide1
Bringing gender into Transport and ICT: from analysis to operationsSlide2
Why gender in transport?
Gender inequality is a development issue
No society can develop sustainably without providing access to opportunities, services and resources to women and men (WB Gender Strategy)
Gender Strategy
4 pillars: a) improving human endowments, b) enhancing access to economic opportunities, c) closing gaps in ownership and asset control, d) enhancing women’s voice and agency
Role of Transport sector
Affordable, reliable and quality transport is an enabler for women to access more and better jobs and services.
Sector can be an important source of employment for womenSlide3
Gender tagSlide4
Gender in transportSlide5
Gender in transport
Source: Thomas Reuters Foundation (2015)/ (1 indicates the most dangerous and 16 is least dangerous).Slide6
Gender entry points for transport (some examples)
Urban
Collect sex disaggregated data on mobility patterns (trip purpose by mode)
Gender informed environmental design
Strategies to address sexual harassment in public transport (segregation vs community participation)
Establish public transport schedules and pricing systems that respond to the needs of women users
Rural
Collect sex disaggregated data
Invest in feeder roads, footpaths, and footbridges where needed
Prioritize NMTs and IMTs in transport planning and design
Employ women in road rehabilitation and maintenanceSlide7
Main challenge: lack of evidence
What works and what doesn’t?
Segregated cars vs changing norms?
Providing/promoting IMT or employing women in rural roads? Unintended effects derived from social norms?
Are we increasing accessibility in poor rural areas where women and men only walk? What are the barriers to women’s mobility related to gender norms?
How can we measure “changing norms” at the project level?
Can we calculate the cost of harassment to have more leverage on transport operators and employers?Slide8
Building evidence: pilot project to evaluate a strategy to address sexual harassment in Mexico City
65% of women in Mexico City are victims of sexual harassment in public transport (but not only a problem in Mexico)Slide9
Building evidence: pilot project to evaluate a strategy to address sexual harassment in Mexico
City
Quasi-experimental Design
Treatment bus route (
Revólucion
) chosen purposively
Long enough to accommodate length of survey
Traverse diverse neighborhoods to include diverse group of people
Bus company willing to partner
Control bus route (
Periférico
) subsequently matched
Comparable in length, neighborhood, population
Traverse in an opposite direction (from about the same point of origin) to minimize contaminationSlide10
Building evidence: pilot project to evaluate a strategy to address sexual harassment in Mexico City
An intervention where IE showed some behavioral change
Increased awareness of transport users on GBV
Behavioral intention to act increased among men, younger and more educated population
Important output indicators: number of reports (62 in three months), number of drivers trained, Action Protocol developed
An intervention that advanced the topic in media
Good response from national and international media (BBC, el
Pais
, La
Jornada
)
Local government feeling pressure to design an intervention
Scaling up to other cities (Cuernavaca, Mexico; Mumbai, India)