U.S. in World War II - PowerPoint Presentation

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U.S. in World War II - PPT Presentation

USS Arizona Memorial Pearl Harbor Hawaii Europe After World War I Germany After World War I Germany Faces Economic Collapse A troubled Germany after World War I Assigned complete responsibility for WWI ID: 600520

germany war hitler italy war germany italy hitler world economic nations italian japanese fascism japan military response policy problems

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Slide1

U.S. in World War II

USS Arizona Memorial, Pearl Harbor, HawaiiSlide2

Europe After World War ISlide3
Slide4

Germany After World War ISlide5

Germany Faces Economic Collapse

A troubled Germany after World War I

Assigned complete responsibility for WWI

Forced to give up territory

Military size limited

32 Billion in Reparations to France and England

Weimar Republic attempts to solve problems

Print more money-which caused inflation

Economic distress spread to other nations-widespread unemployment and political instability

Spirit of revenge dominated European capitals

Weimar Republic unable to deal with increasing problemsSlide6

U.S. Response to Problems

U.S. Isolationism

U.S. did not join the League of Nations after WWI.

Public wanted to cut U.S. off from European affairs

U.S. insistence on the War Debt Repayment

American relief agencies delivered over half a

billion dollars in

food aid to Europe

Leaders pushed for repayment of debts that Allies had amassed over during the war.

Dawes Plan-U.S. would loan Germany funds to pay reparation to debtor nations who would in turn, make payments to the U.S.Slide7

The Rise of Adolph HitlerSlide8

The Rise of Adolph Hitler

1932-Hitler asked to be Chancellor of Germany

1934-Hindenberg dies & Hitler becomes Fuhrer of the Third Reich.

1935-Nuremberg laws deprive German Jews of their citizenship and banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews.

Kristallnacht-the Night of Broken Glass

Ignored the Treaty of Versailles and began building up the German armySlide9

U.S. Response to Germany Buildup

Focus on Domestic Concerns

Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the same year as Hitler.

FDR was faced with many of the same problems plaguing Germany

Unlike Hitler, FDR considered Foreign-Policy issues secondary to more pressing domestic needs

He wanted to solve the Economic crisis not stop the growth of FascismSlide10

U.S. Response to Germany Buildup

Security through DisarmamentU.S. hope that arms control, disarmament, and international agreements would maintain peace.

Kellogg-Briand Pact: agreement to condemn war as an instrument of national policy. The policy was signed by 62 nations in 1928.Slide11

Fascism in ItalySlide12

Turmoil in Italy

Italy faced severe political and economic problems

The Italian Government had not lived up to its promises of social change and reform

Mussolini and Fascism

Fervent Nationalism and Glorification of

military

sacrifice

along

with a condemnation of democracy were elements of Italian Fascism.

Fascism appealed to many Italians

Fascism in Italy

Mussolini’s March on Rome

King Victor Emmanuel named Mussolini Prime Minister

Mussolini gained the power to make his own laws, imposed censorship laws, controlled elections & outlawed all oppositionSlide13

Italian ImperialismSlide14

Italian Imperialism

Mussolini distracted the people with an aggressive foreign policy.A 1924 Treaty with Yugoslavia, 1927-proteorate over Albania

1935-Italy invades independent Ethiopia, Ethiopia appeals to League of Nations, League imposes sanctions on ItalySlide15

U.S. Response to Italian Actions

U.S. continued policy of isolationismCongress passes Neutrality acts which forbade the sale of arms to militarily aggressive nations, U.S. citizens prohibited from traveling on ships of countries at war, and forbade loans to countries at war.

Moral Embargo

A call for embargo on essential goods to Italy, was voluntary.Slide16

The Spanish Civil WarSlide17

The Spanish Civil War

Francisco Franco and the National party fought the Republicans (Royalists) in an attempt to destroy socialism and communism and set up a Fascist state in Spain.

League tries to enforce Neutrality and noninterference.

U.S. Response

U.S. Neutrality tested. Weapons sales embargo unpopular. 3,000 Americans volunteer to help Royalist forces.

Fears that supplying Republicans would cause war to spread.Slide18

The Rise of Japanese Militarism

Factors affecting JapanMilitarism in Japan

Dependant on world markets which caused economy to collapse in the 1930’s

Dissatisfied with the instability of their country

Disliked reputation as a second-rate power. This factor specifically led to the rise of a group of military leaders.

Military sought to expand territory, imposed censorship, arrested critics, dismissed liberal professors, and set up a secret police.Slide19

U.S. Response to Japanese Imperialism

Stimson Doctrine: U.S. disagreed with Japanese invasion of Manchuria but contained no economic or military action

Bombing of Shanghai caused U.S. to cancel its commercial treat with Japan.

Quarantine Speech

FDR-contain fascist aggression through the use of economic embargoes.

Speech was met isolationist criticism.Slide20

Violation and Appeasement

Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by reoccupying the Rhineland.The Munich Agreement

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Invasion of Czechoslovakia

American peace efforts and diplomacy were considered Naïve and ignored.Slide21

Invasion of Poland, September 1, 1939

Cash and Carry-allowed U.S. to sell arms to allies as long as they paid cash and used their own military to transport

Tripartite pact: signed by Germany, Japan and Italy, aimed at keeping U.S. out of the war. If U.S. declared war on any one of the Axis powers it would face a two-ocean war.

Lead-Lease Act: U.S. lends or leases war material to Great Britain and USSR.

Atlantic Charter-war aims “collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation and freedom of the seas.” (United Nations)Slide22

German Wolf Packs-groups of submarines or U-Boats that destroyed supply lines to Great Britain. They destroyed the USS Greer in Sept. 1941. After that FDR said shoot on sight. They sank the “Pink Star” and the USS Kearny later that month. The sinking of the “Ruben James” killed more than 100 U.S. sailors.

December 1941-Hitler orders submarine attacks on U.S. coasts. U.S. reestablishes Convoy system to get goods and troops to Europe. Slide23

U.S. Enters World War II

December 7, 1941- Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Sank 8 American Battleships

Damaged 10 other ships

Destroyed 188 planes

Killed 2,300 Americans

U.S. declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941. Within days Axis power Germany and Italy had declared war on the U.S.

U.S. responded by declaring war on Axis Powers.Slide24

Eastern Front and the Mediterranean

STALINGRAD-Germans advance in summer & surrendered 1/31/43

Turning point for USSR

North Africa: Allied troops sent to North Africa and chased Rommel. Surrender May 1943.

Italian Campaign: Summer 1943. Sicily surrendered quickly and Mussolini forced to resign but fighting continued until end of the war.Slide25

Operation Overlord (AKA: D-Day)

D-Day: led by Eisenhower, June 6, 1944. Largest land-sea-air operation in army history.

General Bradley and General Patton then advanced against the German Army

Paris freed August 25, 1944

France freed by September 1944Slide26

The Battle of the Bulge

Last ditch effort by Hitler to disrupt enemy supplies and demoralize themDecisive turning point-Nazis could do nothing but retreat from this point forward.

Liberation of the Death Camps

Unconditional Surrender

V-E day May 8

, 1945Slide27

War in the Pacific

Spring 1942- Doolittle's RaidMay 1942-The Battle of Coral: Am. Fleet with Aussie backup caught Japanese strike force

Aircraft carrier battle. Japanese advancement stopped.

The Battle of Midway

Gen. MacArthur’s “Island Hopping” strategy

Turning point of Pacific War

Battle of Guadalcanal-Japan’s 1

defeat on land