Figure 32.3a Arteries of the head, neck, and brain. - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Slide2

Figure 32.3a

Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.

Basilar artery

Vertebral artery

Internalcarotid artery

Externalcarotid artery

Commoncarotid artery

Thyrocervicaltrunk

Costocervicaltrunk

Subclavianartery

Axillaryartery

Internal thoracic artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Clavicle (cut)

Thyroid gland (overlying trachea)

Larynx

Superior thyroid artery

Lingual artery

Facial artery

Occipital artery

Maxillary artery

Superficial temporal artery

Ophthalmic artery

Branches ofthe externalcarotid artery

Slide3

Figure 32.3b

Arteries of the head, neck, and brain.

Anterior

Posterior

Frontal lobe

Olfactory bulb

Optic chiasma

Middle cerebralartery

Internal carotidartery

Pituitarygland

Temporal lobe

Pons

Occipitallobe

Vertebral artery

Cerebral arterialcircle (circleof Willis)

Cerebellum

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Posterior communicating artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Anterior communicating artery

Slide4

Figure 32.4

Arteries of the right upper limb and thorax.

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Costocervical trunk

Suprascapular artery

Thoracoacromial artery

Axillary artery

Posterior circumflexhumeral artery

Anterior circumflexhumeral artery

Subscapular artery

Brachial artery

Deep arteryof arm

Common interosseousartery

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Deep palmar arch

Superficial palmar arch

Digital arteries

Common carotid arteries

Right subclavian artery

Left subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Posteriorintercostal arteries

Anterior intercostalartery

Internal thoracic artery

Lateral thoracicartery

Thoracic aorta

Slide5

Figure 32.5a

Arteries of the abdomen.

Liver (cut)

Inferior vena cava

Celiac trunk

Common hepatic artery

Hepatic artery proper

Gastroduodenal artery

Right gastric artery

Gallbladder

Pancreas(major portion liesposterior to stomach)

Duodenum

Abdominal aorta

Esophagus

Diaphragm

Left gastricartery

Stomach

Splenic artery

Left gastroepiploicartery

Spleen

Rightgastroepiploicartery

Superiormesentericartery

Slide6

Figure 32.5b

Arteries of the abdomen.

Hiatus (opening)for inferior vena cava

Hiatus (opening)for esophagus

Adrenal (suprarenal)gland

Celiac trunk

Kidney

Abdominal aorta

Lumbar arteries

Ureter

Median sacralartery

Diaphragm

Inferior phrenic artery

Middle suprarenal artery

Renal artery

Superior mesenteric artery

Gonadal (testicularor ovarian) artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

Common iliac artery

Slide7

Figure 32.5c

Arteries of the abdomen.

Celiac trunk

Superior mesentericartery

Branches of the superiormesenteric artery

Middle colic artery

Intestinal arteries

Right colic artery

Ileocolic artery

Ascending colon

Right common iliac artery

Ileum

Cecum

Appendix

Transverse colon

Abdominal aorta

Inferior mesentericartery

Branches of the inferiormesenteric artery

Left colic artery

Sigmoidal arteries

Superior rectal artery

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Slide8

Figure 32.6

Arteries of the right pelvis and lower limb.

Common iliac artery

Internal iliac artery

Superior gluteal artery

External iliac artery

Deep artery of thigh

Obturator artery

Medial circumflexfemoral artery

Lateral circumflexfemoral artery

Femoral artery

Adductor hiatus

Popliteal artery

Anterior tibialartery

Posterior tibialartery

Fibular artery

Dorsalis pedisartery

Arcuate artery

Dorsalmetatarsalarteries

Plantar arch

Dorsalis pedisartery (from topof foot)

Medial plantarartery

Lateralplantar artery

Posterior tibial artery

Fibular artery

Anterior tibialartery

Popliteal artery

Slide9

Figure 32.8

Veins of the right pelvis and lower limb.

Common iliac vein

Internal iliac vein

External iliac vein

Inguinal ligament

Femoral vein

Great saphenousvein (superficial)

Great saphenousvein

Popliteal vein

Anterior tibial vein

Fibular vein

Small saphenousvein (superficial)

Posterior tibialvein

Plantar veins

Deep plantar arch

Digital veins

Popliteal vein

Small saphenous

vein

Fibular vein

Anterior tibial vein

Dorsalis

pedis vein

Dorsal venous

arch

Dorsal metatarsal

veins

Anterior view

Posterior view

Slide10

Figure 32.9

Venous drainage of abdominal organs not drained by the hepatic portal vein.

Hepatic veins

Inferior venacava

Right suprarenalvein

Right gonadalvein

External iliacvein

Inferior phrenic vein

Renal veins

Left suprarenal vein

Left ascendinglumbar vein

Lumbar veins

Left gonadal vein

Common iliac vein

Internal iliac vein

Slide11

Figure 32.10

Venous drainage of the head, neck, and brain.

Ophthalmic vein

Superficialtemporal vein

Facial vein

Occipital vein

Posteriorauricular vein

Externaljugular vein

Vertebral vein

Internaljugular vein

Superior and middlethyroid veins

Brachioce-phalic vein

Subclavianvein

Superiorvena cava

Right internaljugular vein

Jugular foramen

Sigmoid sinus

Transversesinuses

Confluenceof sinuses

Straight sinus

Cavernoussinus

Inferior sagittalsinus

Falx cerebri

Superior sagittalsinus

Slide12

Figure 32.11

Veins of the thorax and right upper limb.

Brachiocephalic veins

Right subclavian vein

Axillary vein

Brachial vein

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

Median cubital vein

Medianantebrachialvein

Cephalic vein

Radial vein

Digital veins

Superficial venouspalmar arch

Deep venouspalmar arch

Ulnar vein

Basilic vein

Ascending lumbar vein

Inferior vena cava

Posterior intercostals

Hemiazygos vein

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Azygos vein

Superior vena cava

Left subclavian vein

External jugular vein

Internal jugular vein

Slide13

Figure 32.14

Hepatic portal circulation.

Hepatic veins

Liver

Hepatic portalvein

Small intestine

Rectum

Gastric veins

Spleen

Splenic vein

Rightgastroepiploic vein

Inferiormesenteric vein

Superiormesenteric vein

Large intestine

Slide14

Slide15

Figure 36.1c

Structures of the upper respiratory tract (midsagittal section).

Cribriform plateof ethmoid bone

Sphenoidal sinus

Posterior nasalaperture

Nasopharynx

Pharyngeal tonsil

Opening ofpharyngotympanictube

Uvula

Oropharynx

Isthmus of thefauces

Laryngopharynx

Esophagus

Trachea

Thyroid gland

Cricoid cartilage

Vocal fold

Thyroid cartilage

Vestibular fold

Epiglottis

Larynx

Hyoid bone

Lingual tonsil

Tongue

Soft palate

Nasal meatuses(superior, middle,and inferior)

Hard palate

Nostril

Nasal vestibule

Nasal conchae(superior, middle,and inferior)

Frontal sinus

Nasal cavity

Palatine tonsil

Slide16

Figure 36.2

Structure of the larynx.

Epiglottis

Thyrohyoidmembrane

Cuneiform cartilage

Corniculate cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Arytenoid muscles

Cricoid cartilage

Tracheal cartilages

Body ofhyoid bone

Thyroidcartilage

Laryngealprominence(Adam’s apple)

Cricothyroidligament

Cricotrachealligament

Anterior superficial view

Sagittal view; anterior surface to the right

Cricotracheal ligament

Cricothyroid ligament

Vocal fold(true vocal cord)

Thyroid cartilage

Fatty pad

Vestibular fold(false vocal cord)

Thyrohyoid membrane

Body of hyoid bone

Slide17

Figure 36.3

Structures of the lower respiratory tract.

Trachea

Superior lobeof left lung

Left main(primary)bronchus

Lobar(secondary)bronchus

Segmental(tertiary)bronchus

Inferior lobeof left lung

Superior lobeof right lung

Middle lobe of right lung

Inferior lobe of right lung

Alveolarduct

Respiratorybronchioles

Terminalbronchiole

Alveolarsac

Alveoli

Slide18

Figure 36.4

Diagram of the relationship between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries involved in gas exchange.

Nucleus of type Ialveolar cell

Alveolar pores

Capillary

Macrophage

Endothelial cell nucleus

Respiratorymembrane

Type Ialveolarcell

Type IIalveolarcell

Red bloodcell incapillary

Alveoli(gas-filledair spaces)

Alveolus

Alveolar epithelium

Fused basement membranesof the alveolar epitheliumand the capillary endothelium

Capillary endothelium

Alveolus

O2

CO2

Capillary

Red bloodcell

Slide19

Figure 36.5a

Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.

Trachea

Thymus

Apex of lung

Horizontal fissure

Right middle lobe

Oblique fissure

Right inferior lobe

Heart(in mediastinum)

Diaphragm

Base of lung

Lung

Intercostal muscle

Rib

Parietal pleura

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Right superior lobe

Leftsuperior lobe

Obliquefissure

Left inferiorlobe

Cardiacnotch

Slide20

Figure 36.5b

Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.

Leftsuperior lobe

Obliquefissure

Left inferiorlobe

Hilum oflung

Aorticimpression

Apex of lung

Pulmonaryartery

Left mainbronchus

Pulmonaryvein

Cardiacimpression

Obliquefissure

Lobules

Slide21

Figure 36.5c

Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.

Posterior

Vertebra

Esophagus(in mediastinum)

Root of lungat hilum

Left main bronchus

Left pulmonary vein

Left pulmonary artery

Left lung

Thoracic wall

Pulmonary trunk

Heart (in mediastinum)

Anterior mediastinum

Sternum

Pericardialmembranes

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

Right lung

Anterior

Slide22

Figure 36.6

Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.

Posterior

Anterior

Lumen oftrachea

Trachealismuscle

Esophagus

Mucosa

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Lamina propria (connective tissue)

Submucosa

Seromucous glandin submucosa

Hyaline cartilage

Adventitia

Slide23

Figure 36.7

Microscopic structure of a bronchiole and alveoli.

Pseudostratifiedepithelium

Smooth muscle

Laminapropria

Lumen ofbronchiole

Respiratorybronchiole

Alveolarduct

Alveoli

Alveolarsac

Alveolarpores

Slide24

Figure D3.1 Incisions to be made in opening the ventral body cavity of a cat.

Diaphragm

Incision

4

4

1

3

3

2

2

or

Slide25

Figure D3.2 Ventral body cavity organs of the cat.

Right subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic artery

Parietal pericardium

(cut)

Thymus

Diaphragm

Gallbladder

Duodenum (initialportion of smallintestine)

Transverse colon (portion oflarge intestine)

Small intestine

Trachea

Left lung

(apical lobe)

Aortic arch

Pulmonary trunk

Heart

Liver

Stomach

Greater omentum

(cut)

Spleen

Mesentery

Colon (descending)

Slide26

Figure D4.2 Arterial system of the cat.

Larynx

Right common carotid artery

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Axillary artery

Costocervical trunk

Internal thoracic (mammary) artery

Right subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic artery

Aortic arch

Edge of diaphragm

Superior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

Iliolumbar artery

Right external iliac artery

Femoral artery

Saphenous artery

Sural artery

Popliteal artery

Posterior tibial artery

Anterior tibial artery

External carotid artery

Internal carotid artery

Left common carotid artery

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Subscapular artery

Brachial artery

Ventral thoracic artery

Long thoracic artery

Left subclavian artery

Left pulmonary artery

Pulmonary trunk

Intercostal arteries

Descending thoracic aorta

Celiac trunk

Adrenolumbar artery

Adrenal gland

Descending abdominal aorta

Renal artery

Gonadal artery

(testicular or ovarian)

Left internal iliac artery

Median sacral artery(caudal artery in tail)

Slide27

Figure D4.4 Venous system of the cat.

Transverse scapular vein

Right vertebral vein

Axillary vein

Subscapular vein

Brachial vein

Median cubital vein

Internal thoracic

(mammary) vein

Azygos vein

Hepatic veins

Kidney

Renal veins

Gonadal vein(testicular or ovarian)

Iliolumbar vein

Popliteal vein

Great saphenous vein

Anterior tibial vein

Posterior tibial vein

Anterior facial vein

Posterior facial vein

External jugular vein

Internal jugular vein

Radial vein

Ulnar vein

Cephalic vein

Subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic veins

Superior vena cava

(precava)

Inferior vena cava

(postcava)

Diaphragm

Adrenal gland

Adrenolumbar vein

Gonadal vein

(testicular or ovarian)

Common iliac vein

External iliac vein

Internal iliac vein

Femoral vein

Deep femoral vein

Slide28

Figure D4.3 Cat dissected to reveal major blood vessels.

Transverse

jugular vein

External

jugular vein

Right

subclavian

artery

Superior

vena cava

(

precava

)

Hepatic veins

Inferior

vena cava

(

postcava

)

Renal artery

and vein

Common

iliac vein

Internal

iliac vein

Femoral

artery and

vein

External iliac vein

Internal iliac artery

External iliac artery

Iliolumbar artery and vein

Inferior mesenteric artery

Gonadal artery

Descending abdominal aorta

Adrenolumbar artery and vein

Superior mesenteric artery

Celiac trunk

Descending thoracic aorta

Heart

Brachiocephalic artery

Left subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic vein

Axillary vein

Subclavian vein

Left and right common

carotid arteries

Slide29

Figure D4.5b Hepatic portal circulation of the cat.

Liver

Hepatic

portal vein

Duodenum

Pancreas

Anterior and posterior

Superior

(cranial)

mesenteric

vein

Gastrosplenic

vein

Inferior

vena

cava

Left splenic

vein

Spleen

Right splenic

vein

Colon

Small intestine

(cut)

pancreaticoduodenal

veins

Slide30

Figure D6.1 External nares, oral cavity, and pharynx of the cat.

External nares

Hard palate

Soft palate

Oropharynx

Opening into

nasopharynx

Laryngopharynx

Slide31

Figure D6.2 Respiratory system of the cat.

Larynx

Trachea

Thymus

Lobes of right lung

• Anterior

• Middle

• Posterior

• Mediastinal

Diaphragm

Liver

Heart

• Posterior

• Middle

• Anterior

Lobes of left lung

Thyroid gland

Cricoid cartilage

Hyoid bone

Epiglottis

Thyroid cartilage

Slide32

Figure D6.4

 Photograph of the respiratory system of the cat

.

Larynx

Anterior facial vein

Thyroid

gland

Posterior facial vein

Left external jugular vein

Trachea

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian vein

Superior vena cava

(precava)

Thymus

Right ventricle of heart

Left ventricle of heart

Lungs

Diaphragm