PPT-Regulation of Gene Expression in Multicellular Organisms

Gene Expression Group 71411 2011 National Academies Northstar Institute for Undergraduate Education in Biology Outline Context Review Clicker Questions Cell Differences ThinkPairShare Regulation of Gene Expression MiniLecture. The problem to be solved (an example). Hauf, J., Zimmermann, F.K., M. ü. ller, S., 2000. Simultaneous genomic over expression of seven glycolytic enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ezyme. Microbiol. Technol.. of gene expression. . References:. . Stryer. : “Biochemistry”, 5. th. Ed.. Hames. & Hooper: “Instant Notes in Biochemistry”, 2. nd. Ed.. 1. Basic principles of gene control. What is gene expression?. Classification of Living Things. There are 13 billion known species of organisms . This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!. New organisms are still being . . found and identified today.. http://www.worldofteaching.com. A . view. of . the. . cell. . The Cell. The basic unit of an organism. Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope. The. . history. of . the. . cell. Vibrio cholerae . HHMI 2011. Sara Fassio. Dr. Claudia H. ä. se. Dr. Yusuke Minato . Cholera. Infection of small intestine . Causes severe diarrhea and electrolyte loss. 3-5 million cases a year. 100,000- 120,000 deaths per year . Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. How are genes turned on & off . in eukaryotes?. How do cells with the same genes differentiate to perform completely different, specialized functions?. Evolution of gene regulation. What does the operon model attempt to explain?. the coordinated control of gene expression . in bacteria. bacterial resistance to antibiotics. how genes move between homologous regions of DNA. the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell. Outline. Objective. Mechanism. K. inase cascades and Phosphorylation/. dephosphorylation. . General. Learning/LTP. Synaptic strengthening. Control of gene expression. Transcription factors. Epigenetics. University of Notre Dame. Kristin Hager, Associate Teaching Professor, Biological Sciences. Joseph O’Tousa, Professor, Biological Sciences. WH Freeman. Marc Mazzoni, Senior Editor, Life Sciences. Elaine Palucki, Editor, Adjunct Assistant Professor Biology, Brooklyn College. THINK ABOUT IT . How Does A Cell Know?. Which Gene To . Express. &. Which Gene Should Stay . Silent. ?. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation. @. To conserve resources, prokaryotes regulate their activities, producing only those genes necessary for the cell to function.@ . Draw 8 boxes on your paper. Gene regulation accounts for some of the phenotypic differences between organisms with similar genes.. 2005-2006. Gene regulation in bacteria. Control of gene expression enables individual bacteria to adjust their metabolism to environmental change. RNA can destabilize mRNA. Single-stranded RNA can affect gene expression. Double-stranded RNA can affect gene expression. All of above. . Before their study, it is known that. Single stranded RNA can cause RNA interference. We performed a genome-wide analysis of gene expressionto identify germline- and sex-regulated genes.Using mutants that cause defects in germ cell proliferationor gametogenesis, we identiÞed sets of g Multicellular.  organisms, or organisms that are made up of many cells..  . “multi,” meaning . many . Examples of Multicellular organisms: All animals, plants, most fungi. Cells are very small, so you usually need a microscope to see.