PPT-Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis

UNIT IV Nitrogen Metabolism Part 3 Neonatal screening and diagnosis of PKU Early diagnosis of phenylketonuria is important because the disease is treatable by dietary means Because of the lack of neonatal symptoms laboratory testing for elevated blood levels of phenylalanine is mandatory for detection . C483 Spring 2013. Questions. 1. The . primary structure of a protein specifically describes the ________. . A. ) location of disulfide bonds. B. ) linear sequence of amino acids . C. ) overall three-dimensional shape . Chapter 30, . Stryer. Short Course. Overview. Amino Acid Catabolism. Nitrogen removal. Urea Cycle. Metabolism of carbon backbone. Amino acid catabolism. Amino acids . from diet or protein turnover. Salvaged for use in proteins or catabolized. Stryer. Short Course, Chapter 31. Nitrogen fixation. Bacteria. Nitrogenase. Costly—16 ATP per N. 2. molecule. Assimilation into Amino Acids. In microorganisms/plants: assimilation of ammonia is key—synthesis of most amino acids. Prepared By. Dr. Khalid Ahmad Shadid. Chemistry Department . Islamic university in . madinah. . 1. Introduction. Internal treatment of diseases of microbial origin by the use of chemical compounds which have a specific toxicity to the infecting micro-organisms but are relatively harmless to the infected host is known as . Plants and bacteria produce all of their amino acids using NH. 4. +. and NO. 3. –. .. Humans can synthesize 9 of the 20 amino acids found in their proteins.. Nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body, while essential amino acids must be obtained from diet.. Amino . Acids. In a transamination reaction, . aspartate transaminase (AST) . catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate.. an . α. -amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an . Identify and compare DNA and RNA.. Explain the three types of RNA.. Demonstrate understanding using codon and anticodon sequences.. Objectives. Protein Synthesis. Protein Synthesis. DNA contains . genes. What to Know. What is the Metabolic Fate of Ammonium?. How is Escherichia coli Glutamine Synthetase regulated?. Understand general ways that organisms synthesize amino acids. Know the definition of essential versus nonessential amino acids. 1. . Overview. The catabolism of the amino acids involves:. Removal of α-amino groups. . Breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons.. The resulting compounds will be used to form seven intermediate products: . Approximately 75% are reutilized.. The excess nitrogen forms urea.. Proteins represent 10-15 % of total energy supply.. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins.. The . α. -amino group of many amino acids is transferred to . Learning Objectives :. 1. Know the groups of . a.a. . biosynthetic families. 2. The enzymes and coenzymes involved in the synthetic pathways. 3. The enzyme deficiencies of each pathway.. 4. The consequences of the inborn errors of metabolism. GLYCINE. Glycine is the . simplest . amino acid. Chemically it is “. amino acetic acid. . ".. It is non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized in . tissues. . Though it is non- essential but it is an important amino acid as it forms many biologically important compounds in the body.. 2. Aged proteins, damaged or modified proteins and non-functional proteins of the body undergo degradation. . 3. Protein degradation may play important role in shaping tissues and organs during pregnancy and development.. Metabolic relationship of Amino Acids. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids. The carbon skeletons of many amino acids may be derived from metabolites in central pathways, allowing the biosynthesis of some, but not all, the amino acids in humans.