PPT-Amino Acid Biosynthesis & Degradation

Learning Objectives 1 Know the groups of aa biosynthetic families 2 The enzymes and coenzymes involved in the synthetic pathways 3 The enzyme deficiencies of each pathway 4 The consequences of the inborn errors of metabolism. C483 Spring 2013. Questions. 1. The . primary structure of a protein specifically describes the ________. . A. ) location of disulfide bonds. B. ) linear sequence of amino acids . C. ) overall three-dimensional shape . Pratt and . Cornely. Chapter 18. Overview. Nitrogen assimilation. Amino acid biosynthesis. Nonessential aa. Essential aa. Nucleotide biosynthesis . Amino Acid Catabolism. Urea Cycle. Juicy Steak Part 2. Pratt and . Cornely. Chapter 18. Overview. Nitrogen assimilation. Amino acid biosynthesis. Nonessential aa. Essential aa. Nucleotide biosynthesis . Amino Acid . Catabolism. Urea Cycle. Juicy Steak Part 2. Chapter 30, . Stryer. Short Course. Overview. Amino Acid Catabolism. Nitrogen removal. Urea Cycle. Metabolism of carbon backbone. Amino acid catabolism. Amino acids . from diet or protein turnover. Salvaged for use in proteins or catabolized. Stryer. Short Course, Chapter 31. Nitrogen fixation. Bacteria. Nitrogenase. Costly—16 ATP per N. 2. molecule. Assimilation into Amino Acids. In microorganisms/plants: assimilation of ammonia is key—synthesis of most amino acids. Amino . Acids. In a transamination reaction, . aspartate transaminase (AST) . catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate.. an . α. -amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an . building blocks for protein synthesis. precursors of nucleotides and heme. source of energy. neurotransmitters. precursors of neurotransmitters and hormones. Outline of amino acid degradation. The liver is the major site of degradation for most amino acids, but muscle and kidney dominate the degradation of specific ones. 1. . Overview. The catabolism of the amino acids involves:. Removal of α-amino groups. . Breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons.. The resulting compounds will be used to form seven intermediate products: . Approximately 75% are reutilized.. The excess nitrogen forms urea.. Proteins represent 10-15 % of total energy supply.. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins.. The . α. -amino group of many amino acids is transferred to . UNIT IV:. Nitrogen Metabolism. Part . 3. Neonatal screening and diagnosis of PKU: . Early . diagnosis of phenylketonuria is important because the disease is treatable by dietary means. . Because of the lack of neonatal symptoms, laboratory testing for elevated blood levels of phenylalanine is mandatory for detection. . 2. Aged proteins, damaged or modified proteins and non-functional proteins of the body undergo degradation. . 3. Protein degradation may play important role in shaping tissues and organs during pregnancy and development.. Class- . Bsc bioscience 6. th. semester. Section – . D. Introduction. Amino acid are the currency of of nitrogen and protein economy of the host, hence they are used in many pathways beyond protein synthesis, including energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis.. or Biosynthesis . Microorganisms . can obtain . energy. in many ways, much of this energy is used in biosynthesis or . anabolism. . During biosynthesis, . m.o. begins with . simple . precursors. , such . Metabolic relationship of Amino Acids. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids. The carbon skeletons of many amino acids may be derived from metabolites in central pathways, allowing the biosynthesis of some, but not all, the amino acids in humans.