PPT-Synthesis and degradation of Amino acids

1 Overview The catabolism of the amino acids involves Removal of αamino groups Breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons The resulting compounds will be used to form seven intermediate products . C483 Spring 2013. Questions. 1. The . primary structure of a protein specifically describes the ________. . A. ) location of disulfide bonds. B. ) linear sequence of amino acids . C. ) overall three-dimensional shape . Chapter 30, . Stryer. Short Course. Overview. Amino Acid Catabolism. Nitrogen removal. Urea Cycle. Metabolism of carbon backbone. Amino acid catabolism. Amino acids . from diet or protein turnover. Salvaged for use in proteins or catabolized. Plants and bacteria produce all of their amino acids using NH. 4. +. and NO. 3. –. .. Humans can synthesize 9 of the 20 amino acids found in their proteins.. Nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body, while essential amino acids must be obtained from diet.. Amino . Acids. In a transamination reaction, . aspartate transaminase (AST) . catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate.. an . α. -amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an . What to Know. What is the Metabolic Fate of Ammonium?. How is Escherichia coli Glutamine Synthetase regulated?. Understand general ways that organisms synthesize amino acids. Know the definition of essential versus nonessential amino acids. DR AMINA . BIOCHEMISTRY. All tissues have some capability for synthesis of:. The non-essential amino acids,. Amino acid remodeling, . and Conversion of non-amino acid carbon skeletons into amino acids and other derivatives that contain nitrogen. . building blocks for protein synthesis. precursors of nucleotides and heme. source of energy. neurotransmitters. precursors of neurotransmitters and hormones. Outline of amino acid degradation. The liver is the major site of degradation for most amino acids, but muscle and kidney dominate the degradation of specific ones. Approximately 75% are reutilized.. The excess nitrogen forms urea.. Proteins represent 10-15 % of total energy supply.. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins.. The . α. -amino group of many amino acids is transferred to . UNIT IV:. Nitrogen Metabolism. Part . 3. Neonatal screening and diagnosis of PKU: . Early . diagnosis of phenylketonuria is important because the disease is treatable by dietary means. . Because of the lack of neonatal symptoms, laboratory testing for elevated blood levels of phenylalanine is mandatory for detection. . Learning Objectives :. 1. Know the groups of . a.a. . biosynthetic families. 2. The enzymes and coenzymes involved in the synthetic pathways. 3. The enzyme deficiencies of each pathway.. 4. The consequences of the inborn errors of metabolism. 2. Aged proteins, damaged or modified proteins and non-functional proteins of the body undergo degradation. . 3. Protein degradation may play important role in shaping tissues and organs during pregnancy and development.. codons.  that define specific amino acids. Many questions pertaining to this genetic code were posed in the late 1950's:. • How many RNA nucleotide bases designate a specific amino acid?. If separate groups of nucleotides, called . BSc 3. rd. year . AMINO ACIDS. C. lassification of amino acids . Classification according to nature of side chain. PREPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS. 1. Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis. 2. Strecker’s synthesis. Metabolic relationship of Amino Acids. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids. The carbon skeletons of many amino acids may be derived from metabolites in central pathways, allowing the biosynthesis of some, but not all, the amino acids in humans.