In all of nature there is nothing as threatening to humanity as humanity itself Lewis Thomas 1981 AGGRESSION IS ANY BEHAVIOR DIRECTED TOWARDS ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL CARRIED OUT WITH THE PROXIMATE INTENT TO CAUSE HARM IN ADDITION TO THIS THE TARGET IS MOTIVATED ID: 423760
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AGRESSION : TITS , BITS AND PITSSlide3
“In all of nature, there is nothing as threatening to humanity as humanity itself “
- Lewis Thomas, 1981Slide4Slide5
AGGRESSION IS ANY BEHAVIOR DIRECTED TOWARDS ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL , CARRIED OUT WITH THE ‘PROXIMATE’ INTENT TO CAUSE HARM. IN ADDITION TO THIS, THE TARGET IS MOTIVATED TO AVOID THE HARM.
THE INTENT TO CAUSE HARM IS NECESSARY ONLY AS A PROXIMATE GOAL AND NOT NECESSARILY AS THE ULTIMATE GOAL, IF ANY BEHAVIOR IS TO BE LABELLED AS ‘AGGRESSIVE’.Slide6
> IT IS THE “
FIGHT
” PART OF THE “FLIGHT-OR-FIGHT” SELF DEFENSE SYSTEM.
> AN ACT INTENDED TO INCREASE RELATIVE SOCIAL DOMINANCE
.
> INCLUDES EMOTIONAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE INTERNAL STATE.Slide7
AGGRESSION
EXCLUDES
ALL CASES OF
ACCIDENTAL HARM.THE EXPLANATIONS FOR AGGRESSION RANGE FROM WHAT FREUD TERMED AS ‘
THANATOS
’
, TO KONRAD’S
‘FIGHTING INSTINCT
’
TO THE MORE RECENT
GAAM
MODEL PROPOSED BY ANDERSON et al.Slide8
Fig. The
General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM; Anderson,
Deuser
& DeNeve
, 1995)Slide9
>
A THIN BOUNDARY DIFFERENTIATES AGGRESSIVE/VIOLENT BEHAVIORS FROM NON-AGGRESSIVE ONES AND FROM
‘ASSERTIVENESS
’.> PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVENESS IMPLIES RELEASING ONE’S ANGER BY BEING PASSIVE OR SUBTLY OPPOSITIONAL. SUCH A PERSON MAY PRETEND TO AGREE (“WHATEVER”, “SURE”) , DENY ANGER (“NOTHING’S WRONG”) , EXAGGERATE OTHERS’ FAULTS , BE ARGUMENTATIVE (HANKINS, 1993)Slide10
VIOLENCE
IS AGGRESSION WITH EXTREME HARM AS ITS’ GOAL.
ALL VIOLENCE IS AGGRESSION, AND NOT NECESSARILY VICE-VERSASlide11
MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF AGGRESSION
FRUSTRATION
CONFLICT
PROVOCATION
ANGER
HATRED
INTOXICATION
MEDIA VIOLENCESlide12
TEMPERATURE/ WEATHER
HOSTILE ATTRIBUTIONAL BIAS
INTOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY
PERSONALITY TYPESOCIAL LEARNING
DESENSITIZATION
VISION OF WEAPONS
SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFSSlide13
Anderson and Bushman , 2001
Reviewed 54 studies with 4200 participants.
Playing violent video games resulted in :
* Increased aggression
* Decreased
prosocial
behavior
* Increased aggressive thoughts
* Increased anger
* Increased arousal
Slide14Slide15
FILMS
AND
CLASSICAL
CONDITIONINGSlide16
UCS
UCR
(ATTRACTIVE
WOMAN)
(SEXUAL AROUSAL)
CS
(VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN )
NO SEXUAL AROUSAL
BEFORE CONDITIONINGSlide17
DURING CONDITIONING
CS
US
CS
CR
UCR
AFTER CONDITIONING
( VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN )
( ATTRACTIVE
WOMAN )
(SEXUAL AROUSAL)
( VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN )
(SEXUAL RESPONSE)Slide18
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY CONDUCTED AT D.A.V. GIRLS COLLEGE, YAMUNANAGAR
.Slide19
CURBING AGGRESSION
REMOVE CUES TO AGGRESSION
PROVIDE BETTER ROLE-MODELS
HONOUR DIVERSITYSTRENGTHEN PERSONAL SKILLS
INDIVIDUAL THERAPY
NURTURE DECISION-MAKING
TEACHING HEALTHY COPING STRATEGIES
MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPYSlide20
WITNESS “
ALL THAT IS
”…. TILL IT TRANSFORMS TO “
ALL THAT WAS
” !!!