PPT-Chapter 14: Temperature and Heat

2016 Pearson Education Inc Temperature and heat Goals Temperature Figure 141 Temperature is an attempt to measure the hotness or coldness on a scale you devise. Temperature. Most materials expand when heated. Liquid thermometers based on mercury or alcohol expansion are common. Temperature is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules in a substance. . Scales of Measurement. Celsius scale – based on where water freezes (0. . C) and where water boils (100. . C). Kelvin scale – based on the movement of particles. . Absolute Zero. At 0 K, all particle movement has ceased. On the front counter there is a perpetually thirsty bird. Do NOT touch him.. Write down all your . observations. of the motion. Do not try to explain why it’s happening—just look at WHAT is happening. . Introduction to Heat. Heat is a form of energy.. A large amount of energy ends up as heat.. Example: in a car some of the chemical energy stored in petrol is turned into heat energy. . Heat can have a significant effect on solids, liquids and gases (such as expansion).. Section 9.1: Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium. Defining Temperature. Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Adding or removing energy usually changes temperature. Ectotherms. Rely mainly on external energy sources.. Endotherms. - Rely heavily on metabolic energy. Homeotherms. . maintain a relatively constant internal environment.. Poikilotherms. (= . heterotherms. 2.1. Temperature and the . Zeroth. Law of Thermodynamics. 2.2. Thermal Expansion. 2.3. Heat and the Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids. 2.4. Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes. 2.5. The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Special Cases. Heat. The transfer of thermal energy . Not a measure of energy but rather of energy transferred. . Measured in terms of joules or calories (cal). . Calories relate heat to changes in temperature. . Calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. . USING THERMAL ENERGY. Thermal Energy. Lesso. n Objectives:. • Explain the relationship between temperature and thermal energy.. • Define heat and specific heat.. Thermal Energy. Lesson Summary:. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects that have different temperatures. . Calculations. Apparent temperature (T. A. ). T. A. = . T. db. + 3.3 * VP + 0.7 * WS – 0.4. With:. T. db. = dry bulb temperature = ambient temperature (°C). VP = water vapour pressure (. hPa. ). By . Dr. Hussein . ALNaji. Hyperthermia is the elevation of core body temperature caused by excessive heat production or absorption, or to deficient heat loss, when the causes of these abnormalities are purely physical.. TRIAGE History, or axillary using mercury thermometer), BP, Pulse, Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation and mental status using AVPU ** 1. Assess and manage airway , breathing and circulation Defining Temperature. Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Adding or removing energy usually changes temperature. Internal Energy: energies associated with atomic motion. Clausius. – . Clapeyron. equation, Temperature dependence of entropy, Statistical interpretation of entropy, Consequences of third law, Nernst heat theorem, Equilibrium constant, Van-Hoff equation, Concept of fugacity, activity and mole fraction.