PPT-Amino Acids and Proteins

Created By Prof Gary F Porter PhD 2014 by John Wiley amp Sons Inc All rights reserved 1 1 Introduction Amino acid a compound that contains both an amino group and a carboxyl group. 2. Proteins. Proteins are polymers made of monomers called amino acids. All proteins are made of 20 different amino acids linked in different orders. Proteins are used to build cells, act as hormones & enzymes, and do much of the work in a cell. The 20 different amino acids. 7.5.1: Explain the four levels of protein structure, indicating the significance of each level.. Peptide bonds link the amino acids together . Polypeptide with five amino acids. . Subunits (building blocks) of peptides and proteins. Neurotransmitters. Metabolic intermediates. glutamate. γ. -. aminobutyric. acid. (GABA). Proteins are synthesized from 20 ‘standard’ . α. -amino acids. Their names have 3- and 1-letter abbreviations.. (Foundation Block). Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. Non-standard amino acids.. Derivatives of amino acids.. Unit objectives:. Identify amino acid classifications based on nutritional use and chemical properties of side chains. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Amino . Acids. In a transamination reaction, . aspartate transaminase (AST) . catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate.. an . α. -amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an . amine group. Draw. a carboxylic acid group. Join. them together to form a molecule with an amine and . a carboxylic acid . group. Amino Acids. Building blocks of proteins. Two functional groups: a carboxylic acid and a primary amine. Polypeptides . are chains of amino acids linked together by condensation reactions. the main, or only, component in proteins. Some proteins are composed of only one polypeptide chain, while others are made of 2 or more. Protein. Builds and repairs body tissue. Provides some energy. There are 4 calories per gram of protein. Protein. Composed of chains of amino acids. Common Amino Acids. Alanine. Glycine. Isoleucine. Leucine. Amino acids play central roles both as building blocks of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. . The 20 amino acids that are found within proteins convey a vast array of chemical versatility. . Presented . by. Ms. . P. . . H. . Giri. Department of Microbiology. Deogiri . College, Aurangabad. B.Sc. F. Y.. Semester II. Paper No. V. Basic Biochemistry. Unit 3 Proteins. Ms. . Priyanka. H. . Giri. u. sing paper chromatography. Kate Andrews. Lorraine Bruce. Unit 1 DNA and the Genome. 3 Control of gene expression. Separation and identification of amino acids using paper chromatography.. Cells and Proteins. imino. acid.” . Figure 5: Comparison of the secondary amino group found in proline with the primary amino group found in other amino acids such as alanine.. 2. Proline: . Proline differs from other amino acids in that its side chain and amino N form a rigid, five -member red ring structure (Figure 5). Proline, then, has a secondary (rather than a primary) amino group. It is frequently referred to as an “. BSc 3. rd. year . AMINO ACIDS. C. lassification of amino acids . Classification according to nature of side chain. PREPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS. 1. Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis. 2. Strecker’s synthesis.