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Environment Management in Rwanda: Policy, practice and lesson learnt Environment Management in Rwanda: Policy, practice and lesson learnt

Environment Management in Rwanda: Policy, practice and lesson learnt - PowerPoint Presentation

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Environment Management in Rwanda: Policy, practice and lesson learnt - PPT Presentation

D juma Nsanzimana Environmental Education Officer Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA Outline Introduction Environment and its importance to humankind Env nd Sustainable Development ID: 797301

environment noise pollution climate noise environment climate pollution change management water 2020 rwanda carbon development vision sound environmental hearing

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Slide1

Environment Management in Rwanda: Policy, practice and lesson learnt

D

juma Nsanzimana

Environmental Education Officer

Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA)

Slide2

Outline

Introduction: Environment and its importance to humankind

Env

nd

Sustainable

Development

Current issues in environmental Management

Policies, strategies and laws

related to environment

, climate change

issues and

sustainable development

Slide3

Introduction

Why should we manage the environment?

Slide4

What is the Environment?

4

Natural resources

Human being

Human activities

-

Bodiversity

(Animals, plants, Forests….)

-

Non living

things

(soil and subsoil, water, air, hills,

Forest, infrastructures, houses, vehicles, industries, roads, chemicals, clothes…

Slide5

Why should we manage the environment?

Environmental Management (EM)

is

defined as “

the management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon

the

environment”.

EM = the sum of [politics (networking)+ programs (projects)+ resources (money, facilities, etc.)]

Therefore, EM is not the conservation of the environment solely for the environment's sake, but rather the conservation of the environment for humankind's

sakeEM = relationships of human environment

+ the bio-physical environment (biotic & abiotic)

Slide6

“Interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars" of sustainable development

Slide7

Current Issues in Environmental Management in Rwanda

Slide8

Main environmental challenges in Rwanda

Soil erosion (

Isuri

ikabije

ku misozi )Wetlands degradation (Kwangiza

ibishanga) Improper disposal of wastes (Kumena imyanda ahabonetse hose)Unsustainable Mining (Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, imicanga

n’ibumba mu kajagari) Construction and agriculture on the lakes and rivers shores (Kubaka no

guhinga mu nkengero z’ibiyaga n’imigezi )Excessive use of pasticides and fertilizers (Ikoreshwa rikabije

ry’imiti yica udukoko n’inyongeramusaruro)Release of pollutants into atmosphere by transport and industrial activities (Kohereza imyuka ihumanya mu

kirere)Unsustainable forests harvesting (Kwangiza amashyamba)Use of plastic in packaging (Amasashe agikoreshwa hamwe

na hamwe)There has been an unplanned settlements without wastes or storm water management systems (Imiturire mu kajagari

nta buryo bwo gutunganya

imyanda no kuyobora amazi)Destruction of the vegetation planted on lakes and rivers shores to restore degraded ecosystems (Kwangiza

ibimera biterwa ku nkengero z’ibiyaga n’imigezi)

Slide9

Climate Change

Slide10

Slide11

carbon sink

Mitigation

vs

Adaptation

CO

2

carbon source

increased frequency and severity of hazards

increased impacts

increased vulnerability

global warming & climate change

Slide12

CO

2

carbon source

carbon sink

increased frequency and severity of hazards

impact

vulnerability

adaptation

mitigation

decrease sources

increase sinks

reduce vulnerability and impacts

global warming & climate change

Mitigation

vs

Adaptation

Slide13

Climate Change

mainstreaming

considering and addressing the effects a changing climate will have on our goals and strategies in all of our plans

Slide14

Climate change is making floods, fires and droughts more frequent and severe

Extensive damage to water supply and sanitation infra­structure, including pipelines and pumping stations

Roads

and other infrastructures damaged by

flooding

Losses of crops and stock from heavy rains and floods

Food shortages from crop losses affected children’s health

Increased incidence of water-borne diseases following flooding

Schooling of children disrupted by destroyed roads, as well as demands for children to trek for clean water

Reduced hydropower production from low water levels

Increased time spent searching for water in rural areas

Climate change is affecting businesses and economies at home and around the world

Some damage to health facilities from heavy rains

Loss of income from industries that reduced production because of power shortages

OBSERVED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE

CHANGE

Slide15

Obseved

impacts of climate change in

rwanda

Slide16

Observed impacts of climate change in my district

Flooded roads in

Nyabihu

(12th Sep 2007) and

Nyandungu

(23

rd

Jan 2010)

Destruction of unplanned urban (Kigali) settlement due to heavy rains and Floods in the Hotel La

Palisse

compound (Photo of 23

rd

January 2010)

Slide17

Pollution

Pollution

Air

Water

Land

Noise Pollution

production

of unwanted sounds that are annoying, distracting or damaging to one’s hearing

.

Slide18

What is noise pollution?

Any

unwanted sound that penetrates the environment is noise

pollution.

In general,

noise pollution refers to any noise irritating to one's ear which comes from an external source.

Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during conversations

.

Slide19

Sources of noise pollution

Transportation systems are the main source of noise pollution in urban areas.

Construction

of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot of noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.

Industrial

noise also adds to the already unfavorable state of noise pollution.

Loud

speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing noise pollution

Slide20

Noise measurement

Slide21

Permanent damage begins after 8-hour exposure

Noise Levels (in dbA)

85

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

Normal breathing

Quiet rural area

Rainfall

Vacuum cleaner

Lawn mower

Rock music

Earphones at loud level

Whisper

Quiet room

Normal conversation

Average factory

Chain saw

Military rifle

Thunderclap (nearby)

Air raid siren

Boom cars

Noise Pollution

Slide22

Level of tolerance

Normal level of tolerance is 80dbA.

Sound level below and above this is considered to be as noise pollution.

Slide23

Effects of noise pollutionThere are about 25000 hair cells in our ear which create wave in our ear, responding to different levels of frequencies.

With increasing levels of sound the cells get destroyed decreasing our ability to hear the high frequency sound

(even the Hearing Loss)

Slide24

Be cautious from today

Irreversible hearing loss. Sleep Disturbance

Blood

pressure rise of 5 to 10 mmHg on 8

hrs

of exposure to even 70

db of sound level.Hearing loss begins at 80- 90

dbA. 140 dbA is painful and 180 dbA can even kill a person.Amplified rock music is 120 dbA.Most of the electronic vehicles and motors are above 80 dbA level.High noise levels may interfere with the natural cycles of animals, including feeding behavior, breeding rituals and migration paths.

Slide25

Symptoms of occupational hearing loss

Feeling of fullness in the ear.

Sounds may seem muffled.

Cannot hear high frequency sounds.

Ringing in the ears while listening to the high frequency sounds.

Loud noise for a long period of time, or sudden burst of sound can cause occupational hearing loss.

Hearing that does not return after an acute noise injury is called a permanent threshold shift

.

Slide26

Actions taken and to be taken

There are a variety of effective strategies for mitigating adverse sound levels

use

of noise barriers.

limitation

of vehicle speeds

alteration

of roadway surface texture.limitation of heavy duty vehiclesuse

of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, innovative tire design and other Community development or urban management should be done with long-term planning, along with an aim to reduce noise pollution.

Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution

Slide27

Legislation

Noise Regulation Rules

by Rwanda Standards Board on noise:

Industrial- 75db (day) and 70db (night)

Commercial- 65

db

(day) and 55

db (night)Residential zones- 55 db (day) and 45 db (nights)Zones of silence 50 db (day) and 40 db

(night)No public address system after 10:00 pm and before 06:00 am.

Slide28

What can I do to make a difference??

Persuade

Taking the help of police.

Why not Observing

car free day on 22

nd

of September (depends on country and area)

Creating awareness about the ill effects of noise pollution.Promising oneself not to be the part of pollution creator.

Slide29

Policies, strategies and laws for environment, climate change and sustainable development

Slide30

Vision 2020 and EDPRS 2

Objective of Vision 2020:

Transforming

the country into a knowledge based middle income:

reducing poverty, health problems, and making the nation united and democratic.

Environment considered as a cross cutting issueProvisions in EDPRS (2013-2018)Environment and Climate Change: Areas of attention mainstreaming environmental sustainability into productive and social sectors and reducing vulnerability to climate change.

3/16/2016

30

Slide31

Vision 2020, EDPRS2, and Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy

Pillars of the VISION 2020

Cross-cutting areas of VISION 2020

Good governance and a capable state

Human resource development and a knowledge based economy

A private sector-led economy

Infrastructure development

Productive and Market Oriented Agriculture

Regional and International Economic integration

Gender

equalit

Protection of environment and sustainable natural resource management Science and technology, including ICT

Slide32

Some targets of Vision 2020

The 2008 revision of Vision

2020 target for GDP per capita has been

revised from

USD 900 to USD

1240

(implication for environment management).T

he target for percentage of population below poverty line which is 20% in 7YGP while it was 30% in Vision 2020 Rwanda projects that by 2020, at least 75% (from was 35% in the Vision 2020) of the population will be connected to electricity (up from 2% in 2000 and 11% in 2010) and the consumption of wood will

decrease from the current 86.3% to 50% of national energy consumption.In 2010, 74.2% of Rwandans have access to clean water. Rwanda will continue to invest in protection

and efficient management of water resources, as well as water infrastructure development to ensure that by 2020 all Rwandans have access to clean water.By 2020, the rural and urban areas are to have sufficient sewerage and disposal systems. Each town is to be endowed with an adequate unit for treating solid wastes. Households will have mastered and be

practicing measures of hygiene and waste disposal (what is the current situation in our homes?)Rwanda will continue to put in place strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change by focusing on developing eco-friendly policies and strategies in all sectors of the economy and by promoting green growth.

Slide33

Low Carbon

Growth

Economic

and rapid population growth will lead to large increase in energy, transportation and food requirements and GHGs.

In

Rwanda

electricity

is not the major source of future national emissions – transport & agriculture are most important.

Low carbon development pathway could provide significant economic

opportunities, strongly in Africa’s self-interest.

Failure to do so will ‘lock-in’ future economic growth to high emissions.

Reduce opportunities for future low carbon finance.Low carbon growth has co-benefits

reducing

energy imports, enhancing energy security, improving air quality and health, reducing pressure on natural resources.

Slide34

Th

e N

a

ti

o

n

a

l

Green

Grow

th and

Clima

te Re

silien

ce S

trategy: 14 programmes of actionSustainable intensification of

small

scale

farming

Agricultural

diversity

for

local

and

export

markets

Integrated

W

ater

Resource Management and PlanningSustainable Land Use

Management

and Planning

Low carbon mix of power generation for national grid

Sustainable small-scale energy

installations in rural areasGreen industry

and private sector

investment

Slide35

Th

e N

a

ti

o

n

a

l

Green

Grow

th and

Clima

te Re

silien

ce S

trategy: 14 programmes of actionClimate compatible mining

Efficient

r

esilient

transport

systems

Low carbon

urban

settlements

Ecotourism,

Conservation

and

PES

P

r

omotion Sustainable forestry, agr

ofor

estry and biomass

energyDisaster Management and Disease PreventionClimate

data and pr

ojections

Slide36

Some initiatives, achievements and lesson learnt

Policies and regulations coupled with law enforcement (inspections/audits)

Environment and Climate Change Fund

Habitat restoration (

esp

fragile ecosystems

eg Rugezi

wetland) Green Villages Some projects eg NYEP, PEI, DEMPGreening schools

Slide37

to

enable learners grow up with positive mentalities about environmental conservation

Slide38

Thanks for your partnership in Environment Protection in Rwanda

For more info, log on

www.rema.gov.rw