C Valverde Sonia Nazario Inspiration for the article Dangers of research Preparation Enrique is the representative of the children whose story she desires to tell Literary Accomplishments Originally was a social journalism piece ID: 782903
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Slide1
Intercultural LiteratureC. Valverde
Slide2Sonia Nazario
Inspiration for the article
Dangers of research
Preparation
Enrique is the representative of the children whose story she desires to tell.
Slide3Literary Accomplishments
- Originally was a social journalism piece.
- Pulitzer Prize winning articles in the LA Times.
- Book: Non-fiction, journalistic account of the boy's journey.
- National best-seller, 8 languages.
- "This is a twenty-first-century Odyssey. Nazario’s powerful writing illuminates one of the darkest stories in our country. This is outstanding journalism. If you are going to read only one non-fiction book this year, it has to be this one, because you know these young heroes. They live next door. . . ." —
Isabel Allende
Slide4Nazario Visits CCHS in 2010
She was proud to know that students were the driving force behind the purchasing of the books and her invitation to speak. The students presented her with flowers and a CCHS t-shirt.
Slide5Plot
Enrique decides he will go to America to find his mother. With only her phone number on a piece of paper, Enrique sets out on the perilous journey at age 16. His journey means hopping trains to get through Mexico to the United States border. Seven times he fails; each time, though, he learns ways to make it further on the next trip.
After terrible hardships—attacks by gang members, near misses on the train, extreme hunger and thirst—Enrique searches for his mother, only to find that his future is very different than what he expected.
Slide6Characters
Enrique
Lourdes
Belky
El Tirindaro
Diana
Olga Sanchez Martinez
Slide7Enrique’s Journeyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xm551fH3kk
Slide8Crossing Mexico's Other Borderhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzEUHF1KPY8
Slide9What the data shows...
Slide10Stats: Cited Studies in E. J.
Since 2000, 1 million new immigrants legally – annually (estimated)
700,000 enter illegally
85% of all immigrant children were separated form their parents at some point (Harvard).
82% of all live-in nannies, and 1 in 4 house cleaners, are mothers with children still in another country (USC).
48,000 children enter the US annually without their parents.
Slide11Of the 48,000 children, 75% of them are looking for their mothers.
Most of these children have been beaten, robbed, or raped, usually several times (U of Houston)
Pew Hispanic Center estimates that in 2012 there were over 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States
Slide12Legal vs. Illegal Immigration
From Latin America:
To reside in the US legally, you must receive permission by applying for a visa.
When you apply, you are placed in two categories: family or work experience.
Family tends to be a faster process; work experience depends on economy needs.
You must wait until admitted (may take years; may never be approved)
Many see no other choice but to enter illegally.
Slide13ResearchOne of the goals of any type of research is to deepen an understanding of the issue. How is Nazario’s method of research appropriate for the story she wanted to tell?
Slide14Social JournalismA media model consisting of a hybrid of professional journalism, contributor and reader content. It is similar to open publishing platforms, like Twitter and WordPress.com, except that some or most content is also created and/or screened by professional journalists.CUNY Graduate School of Journalismhttps://youtu.be/zZeSBFKXBQA
Slide15The Push & Pull FactorsWhat does the United States offer Latin American immigrants that they cannot get in their own countries? Contrast the images of the United States that Lourdes and Enrique see on television versus what each finds in the United States.
Slide16A Visual JourneyDon Bartletti – Pulitzer prize winning photographer. Awarded in 2003 for these photographs…
Slide17Slide18Slide19Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24Slide25Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34Slide35Slide36Slide37Slide38Differences Among LatinosConsider the relationship between Mexicans and Central Americans. Why do Mexicans feel superior to their southern neighbors?How does this context change among Mexicans and Central Americans for those in the United States?
Slide39Family ValuesConsider the value of family in the Latino culture. Why are mothers more revered than fathers? What is the role of grandmothers?Compare and contrast Enrique and Belky’s lives after their mother leaves. What negative habits does Enrique develop in his mother’s absence? How is his father partly responsible?
Slide40A Mother’s Love?Describe the guilt that Lourdes feels when she leaves her children. Why does she kiss Belky good-bye, but find it too hard to face Enrique? How does she attempt to rectify her guilt when she gets to the states?Do you agree with Lourdes’ decision?
Slide41Gifts and Faith (Chapter 4)Which Way Home - Rebecca Cammisa; 2009)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgaPU9rzTHQClip (10 min)P. 103 “Not long after…”
Slide42The food throwers' reasons: "If I have one tortilla, I give half away," from Maria Luisa Mora Martin, more than 100 years old, in Cuichapa, Veracruz. "I don't like to feel that I have eaten and they haven't," from bread maker Mariano Cortes, 43, in Encinar, Veracruz. "When you see these people, it moves you. It moves you. Can you imagine how far they've come?" from retired seamstress Angela Andrade Cruz, 71, of Encinar. "God says when I saw you naked, I clothed you. When I saw you hungry, I gave you food. That is what God teaches," from Angela Andrade Cruz. "It feels good to give something that they need so badly," from knickknack seller Jesus Gonzalez Roman, in Encinar. "I figure when I die, I can't take anything with me. So why not give?" from Esperanza Roman Gonzalez, 78, in Encinar.
Slide43Immigration: The BIG Debate
Slide44Immigration Debate
Proponents of immigration reform argue that high levels of immigration to the US have harmful consequences for both the US economy and society, reducing US labor wages, burdening government programs and US infrastructure, and creating insular communities that fail to integrate into American society and culture.
To the contrary, immigration advocates contend that the American economy and society derives a net benefit from immigration, with foreign-born (often illegal) workers willing to take jobs at low-wages at a time when the supply of low-skilled American workers is on the decline.
Slide45Immigration Waves to the US2015
Slide46Slide47Slide48US Immigrant Population
Slide49Slide50Slide51Who are the estimated 10-11 million undocumented immigrants in the US?
Slide52Illegal Immigration
Slide53Who are the undocumented?
Slide54Which state has the most unauthorized immigrants?
Slide55Unauthorized Immigrants Within the Labor Force
Slide56Unauthorized immigration levels are dropping
Slide57Slide58Slide59Slide60Slide61Dispelling the Myths
Slide62Do unauthorized immigrants perpetrate more crime in the US?
Slide63Slide642015 Federal Reserve System Community Development Research Conference
Do unauthorized immigrants affect our economy negatively?
Slide65Do unauthorized immigrants pay taxes?Immigrants who are undocumented pay taxes every time they buy taxable goods such as gas, clothes or new appliances. A 2017 report from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy highlights that undocumented immigrants pay an estimated $11.74 billion in state and local taxes a year. U.S. Social Security Administration estimated that in 2010 undocumented immigrants—and their employers—paid $13 billion in payroll taxes alone for benefits they will never get.
They can receive schooling and emergency medical care but not welfare or food stamps.
Slide66Do unauthorized immigrants take jobs away from legal residents and citizens?
Slide67Slide68Will a wall along the border with Mexico stop undocumented immigrants from coming to the United States?The majority of unauthorized immigrants in the United States are from Mexico, but their estimated number—5.8 million in 2014—has declined by approximately 500,000 people since 2009. Mexican
immigrants were living in the United States without authorization dropped from 6.9 million in 2007
to 5.8 million in 2014. The number of immigrants from nations other than Mexico who are living in the United States without authorization grew to an estimated 5.3 million in 2014.Populations of immigrants who are undocumented increased from Asia, Central America and sub-Saharan Africa. Will a wall along the border with Mexico
“
stop” undocumented immigrants from coming to the United
States?
Slide69The Varying Attitudes About Immigration
Slide70Immigration: Political vs. Moral
Great sympathy for the plight of immigrants.
Culture of nativism
Failed government measures
Individual states taking action
Individual cities counteracting: “sanctuary cities”
Do we have a moral obligation to immigrants?
What should our attitude be toward undocumented?
The debate continues.
Slide71Slide72Slide73Slide74Who are the dreamers?
Slide75Dream Act?
Slide76English
Slide77Irony?Federal govt. restricts unauthorized immigrants from entering the US, but once here, cities have declared themselves “Sanctuary Cities.”State and municipal police refrain from enforcing immigration laws (trend is changing).Federal govt. restricts the presence of unauthorized immigrants, but some states offer them drivers licenses. But here’s the greatest irony…
Slide78US-Mex Border: 1,933 Miles
Slide79580 miles of fence
Slide80Difficult to patrol... many still find passage
Slide81Why do they keep coming?
Slide82Fact: US Diversity Today
The number of foreign-born residents of the United States (37 million) is at its highest level in US history and constitutes a proportion of the US population (12.4%) not seen since the early 20
th century.
- US Census Bureau, 2010
Slide83More interesting stats...
Slide84A political debate? Or a ...
Slide85Humanitarian Crisis?
Slide86The Poverty of Mexico
World Bank study in 2000 found...
42.5% of Mexico’s 100 million people live on $2 or less a day.
In rural areas 30% of children 5 and younger eat so little that their growth is stunted.
Slide87Reaching out...
Slide88Why do people help?
Slide89Olga Sanchez Martinez – Tapachula, MX
Slide90Padre Leo – Nuevo Laredo
Slide91$
Slide92Food for thought...
What reforms do you agree or disagree with?
How are you affected by legal and illegal immigration?
How does immigration affect the American social landscape? Its culture?
Do you believe reform is possible?
Are you willing to compromise some of your principles in order to achieve reform?
Slide93END
Slide94Chapter 1
Lourdes crossing
Jobs: packing, pizzeria, fichera, office cleaner, house keeper.
Enrique rebels – poverty, loss, despair
Addiction
Steals from aunt, kicked out
March 2, 2000: leaves to the US with $57 and a phone number.
Slide95Chapter 2:
The Journey Through Mexico ...
7 failed attempts: “el bus de lagrimas”
Perseverance
Corruption
Dangers
Violence
Slide96Chapter 3
“la Bestia”
“la guerra sin nombre”
“el gusano de hierro” or “el tren peregrino”
La Arocera – gangs, agents, brutality
“madrinas”
“madrizas”
Dangers of train hopping
Olga Sanchez Martinez
Slide97Chapter 4
* Gifts and faith
* Small bundles (p.102-106)
* Generosity of the poor; irony?
* Why juxtapose such brutality with generosity? Duality of human nature?
* Enrique arrives at Nuevo Laredo after 47 days.
Slide98Chapter 5
* Nuevo Laredo (borders Laredo, TX)
* Refuge Camps, Churches
* Dangers of crossing (water, by foot, car)
* Dangers of smugglers
Slide99Chapter 6
* Enrique crosses
* Smuggling networks
* Treachery & dishonesty
* Reunites with Lourdes
* Problems soon arise
* Enrique discovers Maria Isabel is pregnant
Slide100Chapter 7
* Enrique finally confronts Lourdes about leaving
* Life is difficult for Enrique
- works low-wage jobs, squanders money, sends some to Maria Isabel
* Jasmin is born
* Life is difficult for Maria Isabel and Jasmin
* Maria Isabel leaves for the US leaving Jasmin behind
Slide101Themes
Determination
Family
Poverty
Corruption
Violence
Immigration
Empathy/Compassion
Push & Pull Factors of Immigration
What is this book ultimately about?
Slide102Afterword