PDF-Charges on amino acids and proteins

1 Acidic side chainsglutamate and aspartate AHA HCOOHCOOH H Basic side chainsarginine lysine histidine BHB HNHNHH H Glycine pH 1 NCHC H OHThe amino group pKa96The carboxyl. (Foundation Block). Dr. Ahmed Mujamammi. Dr. . Sumbul. . Fatma. Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. When an amino acid with positive and negative charges is overall neutral in charge, it is said to be at its . isoelectric point (. pI. ). .. . Ball-and-stick model of glycine at its . pI. of 6.0.. Subunits (building blocks) of peptides and proteins. Neurotransmitters. Metabolic intermediates. glutamate. γ. -. aminobutyric. acid. (GABA). Proteins are synthesized from 20 ‘standard’ . α. -amino acids. Their names have 3- and 1-letter abbreviations.. Amino . Acids. In a transamination reaction, . aspartate transaminase (AST) . catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between glutamate and aspartate.. an . α. -amino group is transferred from an amino acid to an . ). Dr. . Sumbul. . Fatma. Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. Non-standard amino acids.. Polypeptides . are chains of amino acids linked together by condensation reactions. the main, or only, component in proteins. Some proteins are composed of only one polypeptide chain, while others are made of 2 or more. . are organic molecules that are the building block of . . proteins. .. -There is 20 . α. -amino acids commonly found in . proteins. . ( . they . have a carboxyl group and an amino group . . . Amino acids are weak . polyprotic. acids . . Neutral amino acids are (. gly. , ala, threonine ) are treated as diprotic acids .. acidic amino acids (. glu. , asp,) are treated as . triprotic. acids .. 6. 6.1 Differentiate . between essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids.. 6.2 List . the functions of protein in the body.. 6.3 List . the steps for protein digestion and absorption in the body. . Each amino acid (aa) shares a common structure; i.e. an amine (NH. 2. ) group, an acid group (COOH), and a central carbon atom bonded to hydrogen and to a side chain (R).. The side chains qualify aas as acidic, basic, neutral, aromatic, and sulphur-containing amino acids.. Protein. Builds and repairs body tissue. Provides some energy. There are 4 calories per gram of protein. Protein. Composed of chains of amino acids. Common Amino Acids. Alanine. Glycine. Isoleucine. Leucine.  . Amino . Acids are the building units of proteins. There are about 300 amino acids occur in nature. Only 20 of them enter in proteins synthesis..  . Structure of amino acids:. Four different . groups . u. sing paper chromatography. Kate Andrews. Lorraine Bruce. Unit 1 DNA and the Genome. 3 Control of gene expression. Separation and identification of amino acids using paper chromatography.. Cells and Proteins. Proteins are naturally-occurring biopolymers comprised of amino acids. . The biological function of proteins is inherent in their three dimensional structure.. All the information required for correct folding of the protein into its functional .