Renaissance - PDF document

Renaissance Proto;Early;Late; Author:OLIVERSEABOLTPowerPointversionby:BrandonGatesMerge:FRathus; Renaissance A.D. Renaissance A.D. •“ Rebirth ” Rebirth ClassicalGreek,RomanCulture Ofii new i nterest i n teratureRealism ****reestablishedwesternaccording p classicalGreek Greek p Sculptureremained untilPicasso Significance Notedfor Significance Noted for • ReverentrevivalclassicalGreek/roman Reverent revival classical Greek/roman formsstyle faith faith masteryperspective naturalizationfacesforms Humanism Humanism •“ Downplayedreligious Downplayed religious & secular & insteadattachedgreatestimportance worth ” Iiih & worth individual . r i s h FromGreeks • fromPicoMirandolaRenaissance • from Pico Mirandola , Renaissance centeruniverse fromChristianity from Christianity god’sgreatestcreation TechnologicalBreakthroughs AML 4 Technological Breakthroughs stretchedcanvas (beforefresco stretched canvas (before fresco temperawood Perspective (givingweight Perspective (giving weight & form) lih o f g h t & s h a d – c aroscuro insteadjustdrawing Pyramidconfiguration more3D,symmetricalcompositionsclimaxcenter focalpoint,(beforehorizontalforeground) technicalinnovation/breakthroughRen.PaintsCanvas Whatartwork What artwork Earlypaintings: Tempera Eggtempera eggyokepaint Tempera Egg tempera egg yoke paint woodEurope Fresco waterpaint/pigmentintoplaster; Fresco waterpaint/pigment into plaster; dryclimatescentralItalyPaints vanE bros.inventors to y/ pigmentturpentineallowsglazes,Canvas;heav cottonmaterial, p roll p ypp Giotto Giotto • Arena f “ ren h f w i t h h t & roundness ProtoRenaissanceartisttransitionfrom AgesRenaissance teacherGiotto Architect towerforFlorenceCathedral Architect tower for Florence Cathedral Giotto,Lamentation,Fresco,Arena PaduaItaly , Padua , Italy Frescopaintingintoplaster Sculpture: dhl Davi t h sym l o f F l orence manyartistsinterpret • Davidpatriotic many artists interpret DavidsculptureRen David patriotic figurerepublicFlorence Baroquegreatest Earlyshowedyoungboy significancediff Donatello,Verrocciounderscoremiraculousnature victory MichelangeloBaroque victory & providence Propaganda large Propaganda large SculptureDavid:EarlyRenaissanceEarlyRenaissanceHighRenaissanceBaroque1430147315011623NationalMuseumNationalMuseum,Academy,Borghese ello FlorenceBar FlorenceFlorenceRome DonatelloVerroccioMichelangeloBerniniBronzeBronzeMarbleMarble David byBernini 1623 AD , 67” Early & HighRenaissance –Classical = calm; Baroque = ACTION “DavidbyDonatello” Firstfreestandingfigureyears Religiousfigure Religious figure Classical(pagan)style EarlyRenaissance Early Renaissance • Verroccio Verroccio • Possible Possible apprenticeVerroccio, –youngteenMoment Stance p lacement p Renaissance Michelangelo Michelangelo Stance Moment Moment Renaissance largestone previouslyrejected previously rejected Controversial greatinnovationRen Perspective Perspective (givingweightform) Perspective (giving weight & form) FoundationforEuropeanfornextyrs Createsflatsurface Creates a flat surface Opticaleffectrecedingdistance throughthatconverge through that converge a pointpicturevanishingpointMathematical p ers discovered y point Twopoint Two point Perspective Brunelleschi & Perspective • artistsculptorarchitect artist , sculptor , architect Perspective;mathematicalperspective iild i sap i cture l a Pictureextensiononlooker/viewerParallelconver vanishin p oint ggp horizon reducedscale reduced scale Whyimportant Why important / impact • Key:elevatedcraftlevel Key: elevated craft level mathematical Rationalizedsystematizedworld Rationalized & systematized world Gavesimplifyunderstand d t h ere contro t h wor aroun Artistsperspectivemakemore convincingfantasies,makemysteriesfaithmorecompelling westernworld) perspective perspective perspective perspective • BaptistryFlorence Baptistry Florence Drawingmirrorsdiscover y Competitionfordoors* Architect,CathedralFlorence llh GatesParadise Gates Paradise • lost lost competition ( bust for () BaptisteryFlorenceDoors “ GatesParadise ” Gates Paradise • Michelangelogates Michelangelo gates “ Trinity ” Trinity Masaccio,A.D. Paintings fll t o f u yu th scientificperspective Illusionistic SantaNovella Santa Novella Florence,Italy Trinity” Geometric Geometric compositions Triangular Triangular construction Symmetrical Symmetrical portrays mystery ” mystery CatholicChurchpersons Trinity” Maintainstraditional Maintains traditional religiousicons • Posturesgestures • Postures & gestures Frontal Hieraticrelatingsacred persons)uncommunicative Trinity Holy Trinity • Orthogonals Orthogonals cross,powerful tool y Patronsreplace Baptist & Baptist Givesappearance materialsubstance material substance mostscaredconce ( (y) TributeMoney The Tribute Money TributeMoney Tribute Money • pointperspective point perspective Christ liid Revo perspective; Consistentsourcelightaccurateshadows; Three portrayal Three portrayal figure “ with ” • Earlymentor Verrochio Early mentor Verrochio InvolvedBonfireVanitieseven of Mythological,(portrayedfemales hlil) b ecauseweremyt l canvas       foreshortening foreshortening • Mantegna Mantegna • daughter daughter Venetianpainter Renaissance:A.D. Heightstyle Height style greatpainters,sculptors Vii – L d a Michelangelo – – Whyyou Why you • Donatello – Ren Donatello early Ren OthersfromRen Vitruvian Vitruvian Da Da •“ Renaissance ” multitalented Renaissance Man, multitalented Artistsscholarssearchforfundamentalcosmic p order pp, inductivereasoning observesdirectlyinformation g athereddevelo g eneral gpg Oppositemedievaldeductivereasoning:already acceptedgeneraldetermineyouexplainnatural InnovationLight lh/dk) S h a d ( C h iaroscuro; l formspaint forms paint Lighterareasemergefromdarker illilif Pro ono f roun d , ptura f flatsurface Sfumato Sfumato • Mist Haze Haze • Famouseyes Famous smile & eyes Why Why appealing • Sfumato – techniquejustfor Sfumato technique just for background eyes , eyes “fuzzy”effectleftforviewer i i s any i ewer Eyesfollow……… Eyes follow……… Eyesfollow….. Eyes follow….. Ambassadors kll Roc Eyesfollow Eyes follow Ambassadors“universalmen”,symbolicpoint. techniquepaintingdistortioncalled methodsidewalkartists) InnovationRen. PyramidConfiguration Pyramid Configuration Symmetricalcomposition Symmetrical composition Central/centerclimaxfocalpoint lil o f o f ten i p l “ Last ” Leonardo Last Leonardo • compositionorganized? composition organized? – “ Last ” Leonardo Last Leonardo • arefiguresgroupedtogether? are figures grouped together? groups “ Last ” Leonardo Last Leonardo • 1 pointperspective 1 point perspective TechnologicalBreakthroughs Last stretchedcanvas * fresco stretched canvas (LS fresco w experimenttopfailed) Perspective (givingweight Perspective (giving weight & form) lih o f g h t & s h a d – c aroscuro Pyramidconfiguration more3D, symmetricalcompositionsclimaxcenterfocalpoint Restoration Restoration • ’ s 1990s Sponsored,underwritten Cli w i t h l m ventsRemovedpreviousrestorations Frescopaintingcolorextracare yearscreate 4 years create Early Renaissance Moremature More mature figure • contemplative • contemplative Michelangelo ’ David Michelangelos David • Largeprestone Large pre stone commissionhometown Formore p rominentPlazzo p Vecchiopowerforartist, autonomyfreedom/patronsociety Moment Moment • Before Before Reflectionprayer (godassisted) (god assisted) Facedramatic Knitbrowsfierece Knit brows , fierece scowl, Renpsychological Ren psychological compare SculptureDavid:EarlyRenaissanceEarlyRenaissanceHighRenaissanceBaroque1430147315011623NationalMuseumNationalMuseum,Academy,Borghese ello FlorenceBar FlorenceFlorenceRome DonatelloVerroccioMichelangeloBerniniBronzeBronzeMarbleMarble Baroque sculptureround RomeFlorenceArtists Rome Florence Artists • Concentratedsculpturalforms Concentrated sculptural forms themes • RenaissanceArtists: • Renaissance Artists: Leonardo Michelangelo Titian: hfd VenetianFat o f Painting Titian Titian • Fatherpainting canvas Father painting canvas Dominantforyears fl( l S trong f ors ( Venet ors r i c h tones:burgendy,emeraldgreen,golden bl) ows, i c h Firstlayerredforwarmth tonedlayers g lazes g innovationRen canvas innovation Ren canvas • firstwood first wood forcanvastypical Venetian ” Color,texture Venetian Color, texture & mood VenetianArtists: Bellini mentor 1 integratefigure – Titians mentor 1 integrate figure landscape,lawMantegna • Giorgione throughlightcolor • Giorgione emotion through light & color Tintoretto,Veronese:largescale,majestic stylecoloringtheatricality style coloring & theatricality Titian Architecture Architecture Rome treatises ReasonPainting,sculptureArch. Bllhi ‘Rithmetic B esc FlorenceCathedralBramante order , ,, proportions Plldi P a a o ,v & treatiseFourBooksArchitecture EuropeanArtists North European Artists • Durer Durer •Holbein l2 Bruege l • OverlapItalianRen.Artists STYLE:moredetailedpaints STYLE: more , detailed , paints , RenaissanceLateRenaissance Mannerism• Harmony • Harmony Reason Reality • Imagination Reality Realism observation Imagination Exaggerated observation Sought Symmetricalweighted Soughtinstability Asymmetricalvoid Symmetrical , weighted center Naturallight Asymmetrical , void center,figurescrowded off Natural light Primarycolors lightJeweldarkercolors CompareMichelangelo l Renaissance l ater Mannerism Mannerism Parmi g ItalianPainter Neck1534 artworkoften idif ent characteristics Mannerist Mannerist • ated voidcenter urescrowdedaroundcenter distortedFigurespicture “Manneristsophisticated,elegantstylecharacterizedelongatedforms,irrationalspatialrelationships, lihtifftiit ors g hti e exqu cra traitsareassociatedstylecalledCentur ( Stokstad History History • ManneristPeriodlastedfromroughly Mannerist Period lasted from roughly Movementstartedcounter y Renaissancemasters.formstartedFlorenceRome eventuallyspreadrestEurope.canconsideredbetween RenaissanceBaroque*(could“top”Renmasterssomething Renaissancestylereview: Renaissance style in review: • RealisticIdealistic Realistic but Idealistic Geometriccompositionaldevices • colors:redsyellows • colors: reds , yellows , groupings hid • h naturallighting scientificperspectivesecularizationreligiousfigures LateRenaissance Review Elongation Elongation Asymmetrical S uggest o f movementlightareas Baroque * Lights Drama Baroque Lights Drama Caravaggiopainter Bii • B i arc tect &