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Chapter 10 Post-Classical Asia & Beyond Chapter 10 Post-Classical Asia & Beyond

Chapter 10 Post-Classical Asia & Beyond - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 10 Post-Classical Asia & Beyond - PPT Presentation

Chapter 10 PostClassical Asia amp Beyond Introduction In this chapter you will learn about developments in Asia during postclassical era of history especially in Turkey Central Asia India and China ID: 772426

dynasty china page empire china dynasty empire page chinese tang ming song khan mughal india mongols asia mongol ottomans

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Chapter 10 Post-Classical Asia & Beyond

Introduction In this chapter, you will learn about developments in Asia during “post-classical” era of history, especially in Turkey, Central Asia, India, and China.

Page 1: Essential Questions What were the major civilizations of Asia in the post-classical era? What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? What were the achievements of the Ottomans Turks and Ming Chinese?

Page 3: Key Terminology : A/B/ and A/B/C Format Ottomans * Suleiman the Magnificent * Safavid Empire * Tamerlane Taj Mahal * Sikhism * Tang Dynasty * Song Dynasty * Samurai Mongol Empire * Ghengis / Chinggis Khan * Yuan Dynasty * Marco Polo Ming Dynasty

Page 2: Important Ideas Ottomans established their capital at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), where Sultans ruled with an elaborate court. The Ottomans ruled a vast empire that included Eastern Europe and North Africa. Jews and Christians were permitted some self-government. Islam spread to Persia and then across the Himalayas to northwest India. Muslim rulers set up Sultanates, and Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal. Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak, rejected ritualistic practices and the caste system. China flourished under the Tang and Song Dynasties. China developed paper money, gunpowder, block printing, and the compass.

Page 2: Important Ideas (cont.) E) Japanese culture was deeply influenced by China. F) The Mongols, led by Ghengis / Chinggis Khan, conquered Central Asia, China, and Russia. Kublai Khan adopted Chinese ways. G) Under the Ming Dynasty, China enjoyed 300 years of peace and prosperity. The Ming built the Forbidden City in Beijing. Later Ming China traded silk and porcelain with Europe for silver and other goods.

Page 2: Rise of the Ottoman Empire Ottomans, a nomadic group of Turkish people originally from Central Asia Emerged as rulers of Islamic world in 13 th century 1453, captured Constantinople, the capital of Byzantine Empire Moved their capital to Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul Conquered E. Europe, N. Africa , reunited all Muslim world under their rule , except for Persia and Afghanistan

Suleiman the Magnificent Sultan - Ottoman ruler, had a lavish court , governed entire empire Under his reign/rule the Ottoman Empire reached its height of power Ottoman fleet dominated and controlled trade in Mediterranean Sea until their defeat in 1571 by Spaniards

The Safavid Empire in Persia Safavids create great Islamic empire in Persia in early 1500’s Members of Turkish tribe, Safavids were Shi’ite Muslims, they were opposed to the Ottomans who followed the Sunni branch of Islam Safavid rulers known as Shahs , used large armies to maintain control Known for Persian rugs and paintings in miniature

Page 4: The Muslim Invasion of India M uslim invaders reached the Indus Valley by entering across the mountains through the Khyber Pass into Indian subcontinent Killed Hindus, destroyed temples and cities Established kingdoms in N. India, known as Sultanates Muslims never adopted Indian ways , Muslim women wore veils and remained secluded even though Hindu women did not Mongol ruler Tamerlane destroyed city of Delhi and slaughtered its citizens

The Mughal Empire (1526-1837) 1526, Babur a descendant of Tamerlane and Chinggis Khan founded the Mughal Empire Ottoman and Mughal Empires used guns to control populations and fight enemies, historians refer to these as the “ Gunpowder Empires” Most famous Mughal ruler was Babur’s grandson, Akbar the Great Akbar conquered Muslim and Hindu states united N. India Promoted : religious tolerance, learning, painting, music, literature

Mughal Empire (cont.) Akbar’s grandson, Shah Jahan (1628-1658), imposed taxes on Hindu’s , destroyed Hindu temples making people convert to Islam, many Hindus converted to Islam to escape caste system Built Taj Mahal, a tomb built for his wife , finest example of Mughal architecture , merging elements of Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles Soon after Jahan’s death Mughal Empire falls apart

Sikhism Founded in N. India in 1469 by Guru Nanak Guru - means spiritual guide or teacher Sikh’s : reject caste system, all humans equal, salvation achieved by worshipping God and being a good person Communal meal shared by all guests on floor Men cover uncut hair with dashtar (Sikh turban) Women also keep hair uncut

Page 5: Graphic Organizer Create a graphic organizer featuring the “Achievements of the Tang and Song Dynasties” B ubble maps or chart

Page 6: The Tang and Song Dynasties of China Like W. Europe after decline of Roman Empire, China entered long period of turmoil and unrest after collapse of Han Dynasty in 220 A.D. As in the West, the advance of Huns helped plunge China into disunity Several warring kingdoms arose, science, art and culture declined Buddhism spread through much of China China re-emerged as one of world’s leading civilizations under the Tang Dynasty

Tang Dynasty (618-907) Tang Dynasty begins the “Golden Age of China” Reunited China and brought peace and prosperity Political advancements : civil service exams based on Confucianism, govt. census, conquered Korea and Manchuria Economic advances : metalwork, jade, promoted trade along Silk Road, tea, porcelain, gunpowder Cultural advancements : block printing/copies of Confucius books, architecture, sculpture, paintings, Zen gardens

Song Dynasty (960-1279) Part of the “Golden Age of China” Political advances : ruled S. China only, introduced gunpowder usage in war Economic advances : paper and coin money instead of grain , advances in sailing, magnetic compass, Grand Canal connects Beijing & Yellow Rivers Cultural advances : height of Chinese artistic period, acupuncture, gunpowder, moveable type for printing, huge cities and wealth Mongols conquered Song Dynasty and established a foreign rule over China—the Yuan Dynasty

Women in China Tang and Song followed beliefs of Confucianism– a woman must obey father, husband, son Upon death of husband she could share portion of his land Divorce allowed if accepted by both husband and wife Practice of footbinding began during Song Dynasty shows desire to limit female mobility and status , this gave wealthy women small feet which were considered attractive, but made it difficult for women to walk

Page 7: Applying What You Have Learned What were some of the ways in which Japanese culture was affected by China? Short essay format: 1-2 paragraphs in length

Page 8: China’s Influence on Japan Chinese scholars and merchants brought many aspects of Chinese culture to Japan Confucianism instilled loyalty to family and ruler Buddhism taught Japanese to renounce selfish desires Daoism encouraged love of nature Cultural influence : writing, cooking, silks, pottery, Political influence : Shogun more powerful than emperor, Shoguns were real rulers of Japan, emperors just figureheads

Japanese Society Emperor - held highest rank but had no power Shogun - actual ruler Daimyo - large landowners Samurai Warriors- loyal to Daimyo and Shogun Artisans - craftspeople, artists, blacksmiths/weapons Peasants - 4/5’s of population Merchants - low status but gradually gained influence

Page 9: Applying What You Have Learned Throughout history, different groups have possessed advantages in warfare that enabled them to defeat others. What were some of the advantages of the Mongols? (1-2 paragraphs in length) ________________________________________________________ 2) Create a timeline featuring the Chinese dynasties: Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties.

Page 10: The Mongol Empire The Mongols lived in the steppes/grasslands of Central Asia , nomadic, slept in domed tents of felt Excellent horsemen, archers, and the most brutal & feared warriors During 1200’s, established world’s largest empire Chinggis / Ghengis Khan united Mongols and attacked China using catapults, bamboo bows, 200K Mongol horsemen “ Pax Mongolica ”: Chinggis Khan promotes safe trade across empire

Mongol Empire: The Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan - grandson of Chinggis Khan, established Yuan Dynasty in China , (Yuan is a Chinese name) Kublai developed a great fascination with Chinese culture, traditions, and art Kublai u nited N. and S. China under his rule in 1260, claimed “Mandate of Heaven” Visited by Marco Polo , merchant from Venice , Polo published his writings about China , Chinese Royal Court and superior technology over Europeans, inspiring great curiosity among Europeans about China Tamerlane - Turkish-Mongol ruler, known for brutality in warfare, massacred entire civilian populations

China: The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Despite their achievements, Mongols remained unpopular in China 1368, Mongols overthrown by Ming Dynasty 300 years of peace and prosperity Built huge imperial palace in Beijing known as the “Forbidden City” it became home to all later Chinese emperors where they were seen as gods (see page 2 important ideas) Zheng He - Chinese explorer, sailed to coasts of India & Arabia spreading trade & news of China’s wealth & power

The Qing (Manchu) Dynasty (1644-1912) The Manchus of NE China invaded China Ming Dynasty collapsed Qing also know as Manchu Dynasty lasted 250 years