Migration Influencing Policies in USA and India

Transcript:Migration Influencing Policies in USA and India:
Migration Influencing Policies in USA and India Introduction International migration is a global phenomenon that is growing in complexity, scope and impact. Today, most countries are simultaneously countries of origin, destination and transit of migrants, so that countries in both less and more developed regions face various challenges and opportunities associated with migration. Migration policies play an important role in determining the flow, conditions and consequences of international migration. Trends in International Migration In 2013, the number of international migrants worldwide reached 232 million, up from 154 million in 1990. Currently, the global population of international migrants is growing at about 1.6 % per year (World population growth rate is 1.1 %) Major regions of the world account for different shares of the global stock of immigrants and emigrants. In 2013, Europe hosted 31 percent of the global migrant stock, whereas it was the origin of 25 percent of all emigrants (of whom 65 percent were living within Europe). In comparison, Asia and Northern America hosted 31 and 23 percent of the global migrant stock respectively, while they were the origin of 40 and 2 percent of all emigrants. *(The number of international migrants is defined as the mid-year (1st July) estimate of the number of people residing in a country other than that in which they were born) *(An international migrant is defined as “any person who changes his or her country of usual residence” (UNDESA); International Stocks are defined as “the total number of international migrants present in a given country at particular point in time (UNSD, 2017) Migration Policies (USA) About 20 percent (45.8 million *Total International Migrant Stock – 232 million, 2013*) of all international migrants reside in the United States, which as a country accounts for less than 5 percent of the world’s population. This fact makes it ample clear that it is the largest magnet of international immigrants helped by some migration policies. Immigration policies generally respond to labour market needs and demographic objectives and destination countries. Historically, in America the immigration policies were influenced by both but recently it is influenced more by the needs of the labour market requirements. Immigration has shaped the United States as a nation. Lawful immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the US history because the United States is a settler colonial society, all Americans, with the exception of