Holocaust Background - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-01-16

Holocaust Background - PPT Presentation

Anne Frank Unit Hitlers Rise to Power World War I 19141918 is a disaster for Germany They enter the war as the strongest nation in the world at the end they lose everything Germans though the war was lost due to internal treason because the government hid the truth about the war ID: 623693

germany hitler jews war hitler germany war jews people german treaty nazi laws usa camps jewish versailles france wwii

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Slide1

Holocaust Background

Anne Frank UnitSlide2

Hitler’s Rise to Power

World War I (1914-1918) is a disaster for Germany

They enter the war as the strongest nation in the world; at the end they lose everything.

Germans though the war was lost due to internal treason because the government hid the truth about the war.

80% of all men in Germany between the ages of 18-30 were killed, maimed, or “shell-shocked” during WWISlide3

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles- the peace treaty that ends WWI

Limit army- German army can not have more than 100,000 men.

No manufacture of items needed for war (tanks, guns, etc.)

Germany must make reparation payments.Slide4

Results of Treaty

Germans hated this treaty because it blamed Germany for WWI.

Treaty resulted in anger, revolts, and Germany felt humiliatedSlide5

Postwar Conditions in Germany

High Inflation

Unemployment

Great political unrest and rioting

Jewish people were blamed for Treaty of Versailles (scapegoats)Slide6

Adolf Hitler

Born April 20,1889 in Austria

Austrians speak German

Not a German citizen until 1930

Dropped out of school at age 16

Wants to be an artist-fails entry exam at Vienna Academy of Fine ArtsSlide7

Adolf Hitler

Did not hold a permanent job

Joined German army in WWI and served as a message runner (a dangerous position)

Wounded twice during the war

Reached rank of corporalSlide8

1919

National Socialist German Workers Party = NAZI

Anti-democratic

Racist against Jews

Nationalistic- believe their country is the best

Nazi party was formed by 7 members who met in beer halls

1920-Hitler joins to find meaning in his lifeSlide9

1924

Beer Hall Putsch (takeover)

Met in beer hall, planned armed rebellion to take over Germany and put in their own president

Hitler goes to prison for treason for 5 years

Used the publicity of the trial to preach Nazi ideas and compromisesSlide10

Mein Kampf

While in prison Hitler writes Mein

Kampf

, or “my struggle,” about his life and Nazi philosophy

Introduces the idea of a master race

Sells millions of copies

By 1933 it outsells all books except the Bible

December 20- Yuletide Amnesty- all prisoners set free

Hitler only serves 10 months of a 5 year termSlide11

1925-1929

1925- only 27,000 dues-paying members in Nazi party

1928- 4 times that number even though government banned the party because of Beer Hall Putsch

1929-Great Depression in USA caused depression in Germany

1930: 30% of Germans unemployed

20% of Germans under-employed

Hitler tells people they were betrayed by Jewish bankers and moneylenders

The Depression was the single greatest reason for Hitler’s rise to power (people were vulnerable and fearful)

Hitler set up soup kitchens, hired his own troops, and bought a national newspaper

Slide12

1933

January 20- Hitler is elected Chancellor (vice-president) of Germany under Hindenburg

Tears up the Treaty of Versailles

February 27- Reichstag Fire-claims Communists are attacking the government (inspires fear into the German people)

March 24- Enabling Act- gave Hitler legal dictatorship; allows him to pass laws without legislature

People lose freedom of speech, press, and civil rights; can only agree with Nazi ideasSlide13

1933

Ignores Treaty of Versailles

Hitler creates jobs and brings people out of the depression

Because he is able to restore the economy, people love him

Two powerful weapons: appeal to Anti-Semitism and charismatic personality, great speaker

Dachau- builds first concentration camp for political prisoners (people who break Nazi laws)

Begins removing rights: people need to register as Jews, boycott of Jewish shopsSlide14

1934

August 2- President Paul von Hindenburg dies; Hitler takes over powers of presidency

Office of presidency is now eliminated; Hitler becomes dictator of Germany

Army swears allegiance to him

Germany is now a police state

Begins murdering mentally challenged and the illSlide15

Nuremberg Laws

Nuremberg Laws- laws of race and citizenship against the Jews

No Jew could be a citizen

No Jew could marry a non-Jew

No Jew could hold position or job in military, universities, or government

Not welcome to see doctors or lawyers

Could only shop in Jewish storesSlide16

1937

Hitler goes to war

Hitler invades Austria

on basis that all German-speaking countries were one country.

Hitler’s expansion could have stopped at this point if Britain, France, and the USA had intervened because Hitler did not have the military power to pull it off.Slide17

1938

(July) Evian Conference- 42 countries met abut Jewish immigrants. They waited for the U.S. to decide to take Jews in- only 26,000 Jews were allowed in.

Munich Pact- signed September 30, 1938

Meeting held between Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy), Neville Chamberlain (England), and Daladier (France): agreed to give the German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia to Germany

Tried to appease Hitler and avoid warSlide18

1938- Kristallnacht

November 7=

Kristallnacht

( Night of Broken Glass

)

An organized pogrom against Jews (mass violence, homes and businesses destroyed, synagogues destroyed, Jews beaten

)

Turning point in the extermination of the JewsSlide19

Images of

KristallnachtSlide20
Slide21
Slide22

1939

Jews were forced to carry ID cards, they were rounded up and sent to ghettos

August 23- Germany and Russia sign a non-aggression pact- they will divide Poland between them

September 1- Invade Poland, which has a large Jewish population and no army

WWII beginsSlide23
Slide24

World War II

Allies

England (never conquered)

France (conquered in 1940)

Axis

Germany

Japan (fights in Pacific)

Italy

RussiaSlide25

1939

Basis for “Final Solution” begins

Hitler issues sterilization laws

Practiced gassing in vans- people learned to be desensitized to this type of killing and were brain-washed into believing they were doing the right thing

Hitler called this a “scientifically clean, productive way of killing”

Targeted victims included political leaders and religious leaders of opposing groups Slide26

1940 “Final Solution”

Hitler conquers Holland, Belgium, and France

“Final Solution” begins to get rid of all Jews

Concentration camps were created (considered labor camps as opposed to death camps, but food and living conditions were inhumane and people, of course, did die

6 specific death camps created- all in Poland, did not want them in Germany because of task of burying the dead, too much bloodshed, and growing of new crops might

be affectedSlide27

Concentration Camps (Poland)

1. Auschwitz-

Birkenau

Belzec

Chelmno

Maidanek

Sobibor

6. TreblinkaSlide28

1941

June 21, 1941: Germany invades the Soviet Union

Hitler saw the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union as a temporary, tactical maneuver