Noah Brubaker June 29 th 2011 Hydrocarbons ex Alkanes 1 Meth 2 Eth 3 Prop 4 But 5 Pent 6 Hex 7 Hept 8 Oct 9 Non 10 Dec ID: 933583
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Slide1
Polymers
Alex
Stamm
and
Noah Brubaker
June 29
th
, 2011
Slide2Hydrocarbons
ex: Alkanes
1 – Meth-
2 – Eth-3 – Prop-4 – But-5 – Pent-6 – Hex-7 – Hept-8 – Oct-9 – Non-10 – Dec-11 – Undec-12 – Dodec-
Slide3Hydrocarbons
at Room Temperature
Gas
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Plastic
Liquid
Waxy
20 to 40
Carbons
5
to
19 Carbons
40 or more Carbons
Slide4Melting Point
As the length of hydrocarbons get
longer
, the Melting Point grows Higher. Why?
Slide5What other material properties change?
Viscosity
Hardness
Toughness
Flammability
Slide6Bonding
Covalent
Ionic (
NaCl)Polar (H2O)Van der Waals
Slide7Rubber Tree
Sap:
Sticky
ViscousGooeyGoodyearExperimentLuckProfit ($0)
Slide8Vulcanization
Slide9Time for an Activity!
Please find a partner.
Follow me into the hall.
Slide10Molecular Structure
of Polymers
LinearHigh Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PVC, Nylon, CottonBranchedLow Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Cross-linked
Rubber
Network
Kevlar, Epoxy
Slide11Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE
)
Chain
Length
: 1000 - 2000
Slide12High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Chain
Length
: 10,000 – 100,000
Slide13Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Helmet
Gears
Joint Replacement
Chain
Length
: 2-6 million
Slide14Endless Possibilities
New Functional Groups
Different Polymer Backbones
Slide15Functional Groups
Slide16PVC – (polyvinyl chloride)
Chain
Length
: 4,000 – 5,000
More Polar
Stronger Bonding
Slide17Polyethylene Terephthalate
(PETE
)
“Polyester”
Chain
Length
: 4,000 – 8,000
Ester
Slide18Nylon
Slide19Cotton
Long Strands of Cellulose
+ Hydrogen Bonds
Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth! It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.
Slide20Polymers in
Biology
DNA
Sugar
Starch
Proteins
Slide21Kevlar
Strong Network of
Covalent Bonds
And Polar
Hydrogen Bonds
Slide22Time for another Activity!
How can we test which material is stronger?
Slide23Endless Possibilities
New Functional Groups
Different Polymer Backbones
Slide24Inorganic Polymers
Silicon (Si)
Slide25Inorganic Polymers
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (
Ge)
Slide26Inorganic Polymers
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (
Ge)Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)
Slide27Inorganic Polymers
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (
Ge)Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N)……On and on
Slide28Conclusions:
Polymers make up all sorts of materials that are all around us!
They can have a
huge range or material properties based on their:Functional GroupsStructureBackboneKeep thinking about how chemical interactions on the nano-scale correspond to material properties on the macro-scale
Slide29Links
http
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkaneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensationhttp://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstructpropertiesrev3.shtml
http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force
http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization
http://
www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastichttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm