economics which justify a policy of colonial expansion from the point of vies of that need felt more and more strongly by the industrial populations of Europe and particularly those of our own rich and hard working country the need for export markets ID: 570168
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ECONOMIC MOTIVATION FOR IMPERIALISM
“ … economics, … which justify a policy of colonial expansion, from the point of vies of that need, felt more and more strongly by the industrial populations of Europe and particularly those of our own rich and hard working country; the need for export markets.”
(Jules Ferry 1883)
“… what is lacking for our great industry, …, what it lacks more and more is export markets.”
(
J
ules Ferry 1883)
“American factories are making more than the American people can use; American soil is producing more than they can consume. Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours … We will establish trading posts throughout the world as distributing points for American products. We will cover the ocean with our merchant marines. We will build a navy to the measure of our greatness.”
(U.S. Senator A.J. Beveridge 1898)
What were the main views of J.A. Hobson with regard to imperialism? Given the fact that he believed economics to be the main determinant or motivation behind imperialism, what were the problems that developed because of it? Slide3Slide4Slide5
POLITICAL / MILITARY MOTIVATION FOR IMPERIALISM
“ … none of the colonial undertakings was motivated by the quest for capitalistic profits; they all originated in political ambitions … the nation’s will power …glory or national greatness.”
(Raymond Aron in
The Century of Total War
)
“All great nations in the fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands, and those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come.”
(Heinrich von Treitschke)
“If there be a God, I think what he would like me to do is to paint as much of Africa British red as possible.”
(Cecil Rhodes)
“ … a warship cannot carry more than fourteen days worth of coal, … thence the necessity of having on the ocean provision stations, shelters, ports for defense, …”
(Jules Ferry 1883))
“ … in Europe as it is today, in this competition of so many rivals which we see growing around us, some by perfecting their military or maritime forces, others by the prodigious development of an ever growing population; in … Europe, … a policy of peaceful seclusion or abstention is simply the highway to decadence!”
(Jules Ferry 1883)Slide6Slide7Slide8
W is the Word Of an Englishman true; When given
,
it means What he says, he will doSlide9
HUMANITARIAN / RELIGIOUS MOTIVATION FOR IMPERIALISM
“The White Man’s Burden”
What was meant by the “white man’s burden”? Definition?
“
… superior races have a right, because they have a duty. They have a duty to civilize inferior races.”
(Jules Ferry)
What criticisms were made of Ferry’s beliefs in the French duty to civilize?
How does the poem, “The White Man’s Burden” reflect the paradox of humanitarianism as a motivation?
“To open to civilization the only part of our globe where it has not yet penetrated, to pierce the darkness which envelops whole populations, is a crusade, if I may say so, a crusade worthy of this century of progress.”
(Leopold II of Belgium)
“We could not leave them to themselves. They were unfit for self government. There was nothing left for us to do but to take them over. Then we would be able to educate the Filipinos. We could uplift and civilize and Christianize them …”
(U.S. President William McKinley)Slide10
“Religious Education” A Catholic missionary priest celebrates mass in GuineaSlide11
A “
Seneglese
Village” in Paris in the late 1800’s. Set up as part of a “human zoo”
SOCIAL DARWINISM AS MOTIVATION FOR IMPERIALISM
“ It must be stated openly that in effect, superior races have rights over inferior races
. ”
(Jules Ferry
)
Besides referring to racial superiority, where else does Jules Ferry see the concept of Social Darwinism being applicable?
“I contend that we (Britons) are the finest race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race … It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses.’
(Cecil Rhodes)Slide12Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17
Slaves captured from the Congo aboard an
Arab slave ship
intercepted by the
Royal Navy
(1869). One of the chief justifications for the colonization of Africa was the suppression of the slave tradeSlide18Slide19
Force
Publique
soldiers in the Belgian Congo. At its peak, the FP had 19,000 African soldiers, led by 420 white officers.Slide20Slide21
“Hostages” of the Belgian rubber quotasSlide22
Punishing one's loved ones was a common Belgian practice. Thus the price of not "working rubber" may be the life or safety of one's relatives, spouse, or children. Pictured here is a father who is left to contemplate upon the severed hands and feet of his seven-year-old daughter.Slide23
A typical punishment for the Africans was mutilation. Belgian soldiers and sentries often chopped off the hands and feet of men, women and children as warnings and reminders to others. Pictured here is a young girl mutilated by Belgian sentries.Slide24Slide25Slide26
“The Colossus of Rhodes”
In 1899 Britain completed its takeover of what is today South Africa. This had begun with the annexation of the Cape in 1795 and continued with the conquest of the Boer Republics in the late 19th century, following the Second Boer War. Cecil Rhodes was the pioneer of British expansion north into Africa with his privately owned British South Africa Company. Rhodes expanded into the land north of South Africa and established Rhodesia. Rhodes' dream of a railway connecting Cape Town to Alexandria passing through a British Africa covering the continent is what led to his company's pressure on the government for further expansion into Africa.
British gains in southern and East Africa prompted Rhodes and Alfred Milner, Britain's High Commissioner in South Africa, to urge a "Cape-to-Cairo" empire linking by rail the strategically important Canal to the mineral-rich South, though German occupation of Tanganyika prevented its realisation until the end of World War I. In 1903, the All Red Line telegraph system communicated with the major parts of the Empire.Slide27
In 1899 Britain completed its takeover of what is today South Africa. This had begun with the annexation of the Cape in 1795 and continued with the conquest of the Boer Republics in the late 19th century, following the Second Boer War. Cecil Rhodes was the pioneer of British expansion north into Africa with his privately owned British South Africa Company. Rhodes expanded into the land north of South Africa and established Rhodesia. Rhodes' dream of a railway connecting Cape Town to Alexandria passing through a British Africa covering the continent is what led to his company's pressure on the government for further expansion into Africa.
British gains in southern and East Africa prompted Rhodes and Alfred Milner, Britain's High Commissioner in South Africa, to urge a "Cape-to-Cairo" empire linking by rail the strategically important Canal to the mineral-rich South, though German occupation of Tanganyika prevented its realisation until the end of World War I. In 1903, the All Red Line telegraph system communicated with the major parts of the Empire.