PPT-Sodium Reabsorption, Diuretics,

and Diet Vivek Bhalla MD Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine September 14th 2015 Anatomy of the Renal Block Physiology Pathophysiology Urology Body Fluids 1. 41. Diuretics. Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy. Basic functional unit of the kidney: nephron. Four functionally distinct regions. Glomerulus. Proximal convoluted tubule. Loop of Henle. Distal convoluted tubule. A. Kidney functions. Kidneys have a number of essential functions:. 1. excretion. 2. regulate: . fluid balance . electrolyte composition . acid-base balance . 3. secrete enzyme renin . . 4. secrete erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates RBC. Learning Objectives. Classify. . the diuretic agents. Describe. . the mechanism of diuretic agents. Demonstrate. the pharmacological effects of typical diuretic agents. Propose. the rational clinical application . Dr. Pran Kishore Deb & Dr. . Bilal Al-. jaidi. Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan. Email: . pdeb@Philadelphia.edu.jo. . Diuretics. Most . diuretics also increase urinary excretion of solutes, especially sodium and . chloride. Most . diuretics that are used clinically act by decreasing the rate of sodium reabsorption from the . tubules . Study . NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE. Coronavirus Quandaries for . Patients . with . Cardiovascular . Disease. by. Janine Bartholomew. Department of Biology. Carlow. University, Pittsburgh, PA. . Alwali. Assistant Professor in Pharmacology. College of Pharmacy-Al-. Nahrain. University. 1/3/2018. 1. Diuretics. are drugs that . increase the volume of urine excreted. . . Most diuretic . agents are . . System. . . Presented by:-. . . . . Dr.Archana. Assistant . Professor_cum_Jr.Scientist. . Most diuretic agents are inhibitors of renal ion transporters that decrease the . reabsorption. of Na+ at different sites in the . nephron. . . As a result, Na+ and other ions, such as . Cl. −, enter the urine in greater than normal amounts along with water, which is carried passively to maintain osmotic equilibrium.. Carbonic anhydrase is in the PCT, where it catalyzes the dehydration of H. 2. CO. 3. .. By blocking carbonic anhydrase, drugs block NaHCO3 reabsorption and cause diuresis.. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are now rarely used as diuretics. Ph.D. ). Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, . Afe. . Babalola. University,. Ado-. Ekiti. , . Ekiti. state.. Overview of renal functions. R. egulation . of water and electrolyte balances . . Aqeel. Shams. M.B.Ch.B. /MSc. Clinical pharmacology. . Hypertension . is defined as a sustained systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. . diuresis. ). and sodium excretion (. natriuresis. ). RENAL TRANSPORT MECHANISMS . The kidney filters plasma water and solutes at the . glomerulus. at a very high rate (180 L/day) and must recover a significant percentage of most of these substances before excretion in the urine.. M.B.Ch.B/ MSc. Clinical pharmacology. Potassium-sparing diuretics . act in the collecting tubule to . inhibit. . Na + reabsorption and K+ excretion. . . Potassium. . levels must be monitored in patients treated with potassium-sparing diuretics. .