PPT-Sodium Reabsorption, Diuretics,

and Diet Vivek Bhalla MD Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine September 14th 2015 Anatomy of the Renal Block Physiology Pathophysiology Urology Body Fluids 1. Brogan Spencer and Laura . Smitherman. What is a diuretic? . Substance . that promotes the formation (excretion) of urine. Name 3 common and important diuretics. Loop diuretics. Thiazide diuretics. Potassium sparing diuretics (action at . 41. Diuretics. Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy. Basic functional unit of the kidney: nephron. Four functionally distinct regions. Glomerulus. Proximal convoluted tubule. Loop of Henle. Distal convoluted tubule. Control of the GFR. Autoregulation (local level). Hormonal regulation (initiated by kidneys). Autonomic regulation (by sympathetic division of ANS). Glomerular Filtration. Autoregulation of the GFR . A. Kidney functions. Kidneys have a number of essential functions:. 1. excretion. 2. regulate: . fluid balance . electrolyte composition . acid-base balance . 3. secrete enzyme renin . . 4. secrete erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates RBC. Learning Objectives. Classify. . the diuretic agents. Describe. . the mechanism of diuretic agents. Demonstrate. the pharmacological effects of typical diuretic agents. Propose. the rational clinical application . . Drugs affecting myometrium. . . Diuretics. . may. . be. . represented. . by. . the. . following. . groups. .. I. . Diuretics. . have. . a. . direct. . effect. . on. . the. . function. Dr. imrana ehsan. What do the kidneys do?. The glomeruli “non-discriminantly” filter the blood, and the tubules take back what the body needs leaving the rest as waste to be excreted. Some wastes also can be actively added to the tubular fluid.. Part II. . DR .IMRANA EHSAN. Solute and water . reabsorption. . inLoop. of Henley. Tubular fluid . PCT reabsorbed 65% of the filtered water so chemical composition of tubular fluid in the loop of . Renal System. 1. KIDNEY FUNCTIONS. . . MAINTAINING OF HOMEOSTASIS. maintain the blood volume and the normal composition of body fluid compartments. excrete waste products ( urea, creatinine, uric acid, NH₃(ammonia), which are toxic for the organism . Study . NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE. Coronavirus Quandaries for . Patients . with . Cardiovascular . Disease. by. Janine Bartholomew. Department of Biology. Carlow. University, Pittsburgh, PA. Carbonic anhydrase is in the PCT, where it catalyzes the dehydration of H. 2. CO. 3. .. By blocking carbonic anhydrase, drugs block NaHCO3 reabsorption and cause diuresis.. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are now rarely used as diuretics. . Aqeel. Shams. M.B.Ch.B. /MSc. Clinical pharmacology. . Hypertension . is defined as a sustained systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. . diuresis. ). and sodium excretion (. natriuresis. ). RENAL TRANSPORT MECHANISMS . The kidney filters plasma water and solutes at the . glomerulus. at a very high rate (180 L/day) and must recover a significant percentage of most of these substances before excretion in the urine.. Eric Klug. Fluid Overload. Congestion is a primary cause of worsening heart failure and HF hospitalisation. Residual congestion at the time of discharge is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcomes and hospital readmission.