1 ہيضہ 8142020 2 Cholera What is Cholera an acute diarrheal disease caused by an infection in the intestines can kill even a healthy adult in a matter of hours Symptoms ID: 919183
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Slide1
MD Lecture
14.08.2020
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Slide2ہيضہ
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Cholera
Slide3What is Cholera
- an acute diarrheal disease caused by an infection in the intestines -
can kill even a healthy adult in a matter of hours. - Symptoms, including severe watery
diarrhea
,- as
little as two hours or up to five days after infection, - extreme dehydration and kidney failure.
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Slide4Risk factors
- lack clean water sources and sanitation services.
- refugee camps and urban slums, where people live in close proximity with little to no access to clean water and sanitation facilities.
- In
complex emergencies like war and natural disaster, - poor living conditions, - health infrastructure is frequently damaged, destroyed or non-existent.
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Slide5Symptoms
About 80% of people infected with
V. cholerae do not develop any symptoms,
If symptoms - 80
% have mild or moderate symptoms,
around 20% develop acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration.
can lead to death if left untreated.
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Slide6Treatment
Most cases – 80 percent – can be treated through oral rehydration salts (ORS), - reverse dehydration and restore potassium levels following the onset of acute
diarrhea. Most
severe cases, in which the patient is extremely dehydrated, can be treated through intravenous (IV) fluids and antibiotics
.
Unani – Aabe
ahak, Sharbate
Belgari
,
Safoofe
muqliasa
etc.
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Slide7Prevention and control
A multidisciplinary approach - for
- reducing
cholera outbreaks,
- controlling cholera in endemic areas and
- reducing deaths.
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Slide8Water and sanitation interventions
Long-term solution for
control lies in - economic
development
- universal access to safe drinking water and
- adequate sanitation, - key
in preventing both epidemic and endemic cholera.
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Slide9Actions targeting environmental conditions
include:
the development of piped water systems with water treatment facilities (chlorination);interventions at the household level (water filtration, water chemical or solar disinfection, safe water storage containers); and
as well as the construction of systems for sewage disposal and latrines.
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Slide10Actions targeting environmental conditions
Most of those interventions require substantial long term investments and high maintenance costs which are difficult to fund and sustain by the least developed countries, where they are also most needed.
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Slide11Actions targeting environmental conditions
The World Health Organization
(WHO) recommends focusing on prevention, preparedness, and response to combat the spread of cholera. They also stress the importance of an effective surveillance system.
Governments can play a role in all of these areas, and in preventing cholera or indirectly facilitating its spread.
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Slide12Actions targeting environmental conditions
Although cholera may be life-threatening, prevention of the disease is normally straightforward if proper sanitation practices are followed. In
developed countries, due to nearly universal advanced water treatment and sanitation practices, cholera is no longer a major health threat. Effective sanitation practices, if instituted and adhered to in time, are usually sufficient to stop an epidemic.
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Slide13Sterilization
- Proper disposal and treatment of infected
fecal waste water produced by cholera victims and all contaminated materials (e.g. clothing, bedding, etc.) are essential.
- All
materials that come in contact with cholera patients should be
sanitized by washing in hot water, using chlorine
bleach if possible. - Hands that touch cholera patients or their clothing, bedding, etc., should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with chlorinated water or other effective antimicrobial agents
.
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Slide14Sewage:
antibacterial treatment of general sewage
by chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet light or other effective treatment before it enters the waterways or underground water supplies helps prevent undiagnosed patients from inadvertently spreading the disease.Sources: Warnings about possible cholera contamination should be posted around contaminated water sources with directions on how to
decontaminate
the water (boiling, chlorination etc.) for possible use.
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Slide15Water purification:
- All water used for drinking, washing, or cooking should be sterilized by either boiling,
chlorination, ozone water treatment, ultraviolet light sterilization (e.g. by solar water disinfection
), or antimicrobial filtration in any area where cholera may be present.
- Chlorination and boiling are often the least expensive and most effective means of halting transmission.
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Slide16Water purification:
-
Cloth filters or sari filtration, though very basic, have significantly reduced the occurrence of cholera when used in poor villages that rely on untreated surface water.
- Better antimicrobial filters, like those present in advanced individual water treatment hiking kits, are most effective.
- Public health education and adherence to appropriate sanitation practices are of primary importance to help prevent and control transmission of cholera and other diseases.
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Slide17Hand washing
- with soap and/or ash
after visiting toilets before handling food or
eating
recommended for cholera prevention by WHO Africa.
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Slide18The End
with
Thanx
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