PPT-Chapter 15 Chromosomes

Chromosome theory of inheritance Genes located on chromosomes gene locus Thomas Hunt Morgan Columbia Univ Fly room Drosophila 100s of offspring 2n 8 3 prs autosomes X and Y sex chromosomes. And 57375en 57375ere Were None meets the standard for Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity for grade 8 Its structure pacing and universal appeal make it an appropriate reading choice for reluctant readers 57375e book also o57373ers students EQ:. What is the importance of meiosis in providing genetic variation?. . SPECIALIZED CELLS. You have many specialized cells in your body that can be divided into two groups. . 1. . . SOMATIC. = body cells; make up most of your . Section 6.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT differentiate between body cells and gametes.. SWBAT compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes.. 2. Vocabulary. Somatic cell. Gamete . Homologous chromosome. Mitosis vs. Meiosis . Mitosis. One division. 2 diploid daughter cells. Identical to parent cell. Mitosis. Two divisions. 4. haploid daughter cells. Genetically different from. parent cell. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__how_meiosis_works.html. Essential idea: Chromosomes carry genes in a linear sequence that is shared by members of a species.. The . asian. rice (. Oryza. sativa. ) genome can be seen illustrated . above. . Rice possesses up 63,000 genes divided up between 12 chromosomes. Karyotypes. To find what makes us uniquely human, we have to explore the human genome. . A . genome. is the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.. A study of any genome starts with chromosomes, the bundles of DNA and protein found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. . The Chromosome Theory of Heredity. Mutations. Regulation of Gene Expression. Objectives. State the chromosome theory of heredity. Explain how gene linkage affects inherited traits. Describe the process of crossing-over and explain how it increases genetic variety. .. DNA . in cells is usually spread out so transcription can take place.. During . cell division, . chromosomes. form. .. Chromosomes are . DNA. and protein (. histones. ) coiled into a rod.. After DNA replicates, two . Human Genes and Chromosomes. Chromosomes 21 and 22 are the smallest human autosomes. Chromosome 22 has about 43 million DNA base pairs. Chromosome 21 has about 32 million base pairs. . Chromosome 22 has about 545 different genes. Genetic disorders tat occur on chromosome 22 are leukemia and neurofibromatosis (a tumor causing disease). There is also a long stretch of repeating DNA that does not code for proteins. . Human Inheritance. Disorders caused by individual genes - dominant. Individuals with the disorder only need 1 allele to have the disorder. Huntington’s Disease. Caused by a repeat of the sequence CAG . 3.2.1. . Bacterial Chromosomes (prokaryotes). Most only have 1 chromosome.. Which means, it only contains a single copy of each gene (except during cell division when chromosomes are replicated).. Has circular DNA that contains all genes needed for basic life processes of the cell.. 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. XX = Female, XY = Male. Karyotype - chromosomes are arranged according to shape and size. AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21 CAUSES DOWN SYNDROME. This condition is called . 2n 2n Meiosis 2. How many DNA molecules are present in a chromosome of a cell in metaphase of mitosis? How many DNA molecules are present in a chromosome of a cell at metaphase II They are also called as mega chromosomes. . These chromosomes are very long and thick in appearance during metaphase than normal chromosomes.. Hence they are called as Giant chromosomes.. The Giant chromosomes are of two types-.