PPT-Chapter 14.2 Human Chromosomes

Human Genes and Chromosomes Chromosomes 21 and 22 are the smallest human autosomes Chromosome 22 has about 43 million DNA base pairs Chromosome 21 has about 32 million base pairs Chromosome 22 has about 545 different genes Genetic disorders tat occur on chromosome 22 are leukemia and neurofibromatosis a tumor causing disease There is also a long stretch of repeating DNA that does not code for proteins . Section 6.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT differentiate between body cells and gametes.. SWBAT compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes.. 2. Vocabulary. Somatic cell. Gamete . Homologous chromosome. Mitosis vs. Meiosis . Mitosis. One division. 2 diploid daughter cells. Identical to parent cell. Mitosis. Two divisions. 4. haploid daughter cells. Genetically different from. parent cell. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__how_meiosis_works.html. CELL DIVISION. TOPIC . 2 - 2015. CHROMOSOMES . & CELL DIVISION. Things to cover. Chromosomes. Karyotypes. inc. . chromosomal. . disorders. Cell. division:. Mitosis. Meiosis. & fertilisation. DNA. Nucleic Acid macromolecule. DNA is long, thin molecule & stores genetic . information called . chromatin. Cell division requires compact structures = . chromosomes. Chromosomes . DNA . (. eukaryotic cells) coil around . Chromosomes carry genes in a linear sequence that is shared by members of a species.. Understandings:. Prokaryotes have one chromosome consisting of a circular DNA molecule. . Some prokaryotes also have plasmids but eukaryotes do not. .. Phases of Mitosis and Meiosis. Unit 2. glossary. Chromatin - diffuse, long fibers of DNA with proteins attached . Single chromosomes - a chromosome which has not been duplicated (like ½ of an x). Duplicated chromosomes - a chromosome which has been duplicated (a complete X). 1. 2 . 4. 8 . How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?. 1. 2 . 4. 8 . At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this. ?. G. 1. G. 2. . M. S . At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this? . Human Inheritance. Disorders caused by individual genes - dominant. Individuals with the disorder only need 1 allele to have the disorder. Huntington’s Disease. Caused by a repeat of the sequence CAG . Ms. Diana and Ms. Su’ad. Karyotype Studies. The study of genetic material does not only involve the study of genes. It also involves whole chromosomes by using images of chromosomes stained during metaphase. . 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. XX = Female, XY = Male. Karyotype - chromosomes are arranged according to shape and size. AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21 CAUSES DOWN SYNDROME. This condition is called . Introduction . The human genome consists of at least 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes. Of these pairs, 22 are autosomes, and the other pair consists of sex chromosomes (X, Y). Linked genes are located on the same chromosome; sex-linked genes are located on a sex chromosome. The frequency of crossing-over between genes is used to construct linkage maps, which show the locations of genes on chromosomes.. Human Chromosomes. Human chromosomes. 46 total, 23 pairs. 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Male vs. female. Human Chromosomes. Human chromosomes. 46 total, 23 pairs. 22 pairs of autosomes. The production of gametes (sex cells). Males = spermatogenesis in the testes. Females = oogenesis in the ovaries. Mitosis vs Meiosis. (Remember). . Diploid. Contain the full number (set) of chromosomes. They are also called as mega chromosomes. . These chromosomes are very long and thick in appearance during metaphase than normal chromosomes.. Hence they are called as Giant chromosomes.. The Giant chromosomes are of two types-.