Definition The word may be defined in the sentence Example There may be an example of the unknown word in the sentence or paragraph Synonym There may be a synonym or another word that means the same in the sentence or paragraph ID: 179673
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Slide1
STAAR VocabularySlide2
Definition : The word may be defined in the sentence.
Example: There may be an example of the unknown word in the sentence or paragraph.
Synonym: There may be a synonym, or another word that means the same in the sentence or paragraph.Antonym: There may be an antonym, or opposite in the sentence or paragraph.
Context CluesSlide3
Characters
Protagonist
Antagonist
A character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character. The term antagonist comes from
Greek meaning opponent
, competitor or rival.
The central
character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story. A protagonist is sometimes called a “hero” by the audience or readers.Slide4
Author’s PurposeSlide5
Theme
When you are asked to identify the theme of a selection, ask yourself,
What message does the author want me to take away from this text?Remember that a theme expresses a big idea, not a detail from the text.Slide6
Main idea vs. summary
MAIN IDEA
Something every part of the text is about. If it is only in one paragraph of the passage, it is not the main idea. The main idea is everywhere.
SUMMARY
The summary includes the most important information from the beginning, the middle, and the end of the story. It includes the main idea and the most important details.Slide7
Tone
An attitude
of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.
Mood
A
literary element that evokes certain feelings
in
readers through words and descriptions
.
Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers.
Tone vs. MoodSlide8
Point of View
1
st
person point of view – the narrator is a character in the story who can’t tell us thoughts of other characters but can only reveal with he/she sees and thinks
3
rd
person limited point of view
– the narrator is a person outside the story who can describe the thoughts and feelings
of one character
3
rd
person omniscient point of view -
the narrator is a person outside the story who can describe the thoughts and feelings of multiple charactersSlide9
Point of View
“Hansel walked ahead of Gretel;
after all, he knew he belonged in the front because Gretel was just a girl.
Gretel dropped breadcrumbs behind her as she went,
knowing that her bumbling brother couldn’t be counted on to find his way home from the outhouse, let alone from the middle of the woods.
“
Hansel walked ahead of Gretel. Gretel dropped breadcrumbs behind her as she went,
knowing that her bumbling brother couldn’t be counted on to find his way home from the outhouse, let alone from the middle of the woods
.
”
“
Hansel walked ahead of me. I made sure I dropped breadcrumbs behind me as I went, since my bumbling brother couldn’t be counted on to find his way home from the outhouse, let alone from the middle of the woods.
”Slide10
Rhythm of a poem, established by a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Meter
R
hym
e
Repetition of the same ending soundsSlide11
AllusionA figure of speech that makes reference to people, places, events, or literary events directly or by implying them. It is up to the reader to make the connection.
Idiom
An expression that doesn’t exactly mean what the words say.
Allusions and idiomsSlide12
Inference vs. Drawing Conclusions
Inference
Clues in the passage and what you know (background experience) to put two and two together
Drawing Conclusions
Determine information based only on what is in the passage.Slide13
Fact vs. Opinion
Fact
Can be
proven or disproven.Can be proven from evidence such as facts, personal observation, reliable source, or expert opinion.
Opinion
A statement of personal belief, feeling, or thought. Does not require proof.
An opinion or assertion is a judgment.
Ex. Green is the best color for the room.
A judgment or belief that may be supported by factual evidence, but
it cannot
be
proven.Slide14
Commonplace Assertion
A claim that a person makes but cannot always prove. It is a statement many people assume to be true but is not necessarily so.
Example: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Or “Art lifts the human spirit.” Or “Playing with frogs gives you warts.”
Be aware that some writers present opinions, assertions, or beliefs as facts. To get the truth, use resources to distinguish between them.Slide15
Words clues for recognizing opinions and commonplace assertions
These
are broad statements that reveal a personal judgment
.
I believe Best/Worst
In my opinion Without
question
Always/All Must
Cannot Never
Slide16
Logical/Rhetorical Fallacies
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim. Avoid these common fallacies in your own arguments and watch for them in the arguments of others
. A rhetorical fallacy is intended to mislead the audience.Slide17
Loaded Terms
wording that attempts to influence an audience by using appeal to emotion or stereotypes.
language intended to produce an emotional response in the mind of the audience, in order to directly affect their views on a topic.
Example:
The phrase "No Child Left Behind" highlights the innocence of children, and the thought that children are being “left behind” in school.
The same program could have been called "Helping students pass standardized tests & succeed in school,“ which would have sounded more positive.Slide18
Loaded Questions
Loaded questions come in two forms:
Trick questions force someone to either admit to an opinion or fact they do not believe in, or deny a factual premise. EX: "When did you stop cheating on tests?“
Leading questions supply the answer in the question.
EX: "Smart people have been shown to like Obama. Do you like Obama?"Slide19
False Assumptions/Incorrect Premise
An incorrect
idea
that forms the basis of an argument. Since the premise (or assumption) is not correct, the conclusion drawn may be in error.
Example:
It is a hot August afternoon. The location is the living room of an old Victorian mansion. The 7 foot window is open and the curtains are blowing in the breeze generated by the thunderstorm that just passed. On the floor lie the bodies of Bill and Monica. They are surrounded by puddles of water and broken glass. Neither Bill nor Monica has any
shoes
on.
How did they die?