Blood borne Pathogens and Prevention - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Blood borne Pathogens

and Prevention

of InfectionSlide2

Objectives

Identify common bloodborne pathogens.

Describe the risk of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers.List potentially infectious substances and their modes of transmission.Describe how personal protective equipment and work practice controls can be implemented.Describe the health care worker’s role in evaluation of workplace practices and devices.Describe post-exposure care.

2Slide3

Bloodborne Pathogens

HIV

HBVHCVOthers3Slide4

Risks to Health Care Workers

HIV – small

HCV – 900 annuallyHBV – 9,000 annually4Slide5

Infectious Fluids

Blood

Body fluids that contain bloodSemenVaginal secretionsFluid from around an unborn babySpinal fluidFluid around the heart5Slide6

Infectious Fluids

(continued)

Fluid around the lungsFluid around jointsTissue removed from the body6Slide7

Other Body Fluids

Potentially Infectious

TearsSalivaSputum/nasal secretionsEmesisUrineFecesNot InfectiousSweat

7Slide8

Transmission

Sexual contact

Sharing needlesTransfusionsMom  baby8Slide9

Transmission

in the WorkplacePuncture woundsContact with non-intact skinMucous membranes9Slide10

Prevention of Infection

Universal Precautions – OSHA

Standard Precautions - CDC10Slide11

Hand Decontamination

After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated items

After gloves removedBetween patient contactsWaterless antiseptic agents11Slide12

Considered an Exposure

When:

Blood, blood products, cerebral spinal fluid, semen, vaginal secretions or synovial fluid has had contact with NON-INTACT skin or mucous membranes.12Slide13

Considered an Exposure

When

You have been stuck by a contaminated needle or sharp object13Slide14

Not an Exposure

The following is NOT an exposure (unless visible blood noted in the following)

Feces, saliva, vomitus, sputum, sweat, urine, nasal secretions, tears, blood on INTACT skin14Slide15

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Provided by employer

Application, removal, disposal15Slide16

Gloves

Handling blood/body fluids

Performing invasive procedureTouching non-intact skin16Slide17

Gloves

Correct size

Change if contaminatedRemove inside outUtility gloves17Slide18

Masks, Shields, Eyewear

Used when splashing expected

Replace when wetWash hands before removingHandle by side piecesProtective resuscitation equipment18Slide19

Protective Clothing

Used when splashing expected

Remove if soiledRemove from inside and rollNondisposable laundered by employer19Slide20

Work Practice Controls

Sharps

Lab materialsDecontaminationLaundryWaste20Slide21

Safer Medical Devices

Sharps with engineered

sharp injury protectorsNeedleless systems21Slide22

If Needle Must Be Used…

Immediately discard in sharps containers

Do not bend or breakDo not recapDo not fill container past designated fill line22Slide23

Documentation of Needlestick Injuries

The type and brand of device involved

The department or area where the exposure occurredAn explanation of how the exposure occurred23Slide24

Other Work Practice Controls

Transport specimens in leak proof containers labeled biological hazard

Place warning labels on containers with hazardous materials Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, or handle contact lenses where exposure likelyNever use pipettes with mouth suction24Slide25

Spills

Put on gloves

Wipe up with towelDispose of contaminated towelApply bleach solution25Slide26

Linens

Wear gloves

Place in impervious container if linen is to be transportedLabel appropriately26Slide27

Waste

Label as biohazard

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Post-Exposure

Wash area

Notify supervisorConsult physician ASAPReport incidentObtain medical counselingKeep records confidential28Slide29

C-Diff

CLostridium

difficile (klos-TRID-e-uhm dif-uh-SEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. May require isolation of persons affected29Slide30

Prevention

Hand washing:

Health care workers should practice good hand hygiene before and after treating each person in their care. In the event of a C. difficile outbreak, using soap and warm water is a better choice for hand hygiene, as alcohol-based hand sanitizers may not effectively destroy C. difficile spores. Teach visitors to practice good hand washing as well.30Slide31

MRSA

Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. To prevent the spread of staph or MRSA in the workplace, employers should encourage proper hand washing and sanitizing of environmental surfaces and contaminated equipment with EPA registered disinfectives.31Slide32

Prevention

Although

alcohol-based rubs remain somewhat effective, a more effective strategy is to wash hands with running water and an anti-microbial cleanser with persistent killing action.Proper disposal of isolation gowns is also necessary MRSA can survive on surfaces and fabrics, including privacy curtains or garments worn by care providers32Slide33

Prevention

Hospital

staff and visitors wear disposable gloves and gowns while in the roomIn any setting, all surfaces should be carefully disinfected with a product that contains chlorine bleachPeople who are hospitalized with C. difficile should have a private room or share a room with someone who has the same illness33Slide34

Policies/Procedures

Be familiar with your facilities policies and procedures regarding issues of safety and infection control. Ask whenever you are uncertain or have a question regarding these issues.

Be SafePractice Safety in the workplace 34Slide35

Summary

Bloodborne

pathogen risksModes of transmissionPersonal protective equipmentWork practice controlsEvaluation of practices/devicesPost-exposure care35