Special Senses Somatic senses Smell Taste Vision Hearing Balance Tactile Touch Pressure Thermal temp Pain Proprioceptive Sensory receptors Detect environmental changes V ia nerve impulse ID: 584706
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Slide1
Somatic and Special SensesSlide2
Special Senses
Somatic senses
Smell
__________
Vision__________ Balance
___________ TouchPressureThermal (temp)____________Proprioceptive
Taste
Hearing
Tactile
PainSlide3
Sensory receptors
Detect ______________ changes
Via nerve impulse
Integrated by . . . . .
The brain!!!!!
EnvironmentalSlide4
Types of Receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
ChemoreceptorsOsmoreceptorsSlide5
Types of mechanoreceptorsSlide6
Types of mechanoreceptors
Merkel receptors
Sense _____ detail
Meissner
corpuscleControl _____ gripRuffini corpuscleSenses skin
__________ Pacinian corpuscleRespond to ______ detail in fingers
fine
hand
s
tretching and vibrations
fineSlide7
Table Talk (kind of . . . . .)
Missing the bend
Extend one arm with the palm up
Close your eyes
Yell stop when you feel the ruler getting close to the crook of your elbowSlide8
Table talk(kind of . . . . .)
Floating Arms
Stand behind your partner
You will remain at odds
As one of you pushes up, the other pushes down. Do this for 30 secThen releaseObserve what happens to his/her armsSlide9
Table Talk (kind of . . . . . )
Do you hear what I hear?
Wrap the loose ends of the string around your index fingers
Place your index fingers in your ears and have your partner hit the hanger
What do you hear?Slide10
Adaptation
Fired ___________
Body ________
to signal
c
ontinuously adaptsSlide11
Other sensations
Itch & tickling
A
rise from stimulation of free nerve endings
Hot & coldCold receptors (epidermis)Hot receptors (dermis)Work in specific temp rangeWhat about exposure to extreme temps?Slide12
pain
The brain _______ feel pain
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnABHy6tjL8
can’tSlide13
How Sensitive are you?
Measure in mm!!
http://www.maxplanckflorida.org/fitzpatricklab/homunculus/experiment/
Slide14
Homuncleus
The take away:
A
large area of your
parietal lobe is dedicated to gathering info from your hands.A small area of your parietal lobe is dedicated to gathering info from your feet. The larger the body part (on this image), the more sensitive the body part. Slide15
Does cancer have an odor?
Dogs
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7mI5Jj9aAQhttp://sciencenetlinks.com/science-news/science-updates/cancer-sniffing-dogs/
Traininghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZA9R0uSGWcSlide16
olfaction
(AKA Sense of smell
)
Detected by an
olfactory receptorOlfactory receptor________ extensionsIn olfactory epithelium
Hair-likeSlide17
(continued)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snJnO6OpjCs
Odor detected by receptor
Scent _________
memorySlide18
How smell is integrated by the brainSlide19
Testing our Sense of smell Analysis
How
many odors were you able to identify?
Were some odors easier to identify than others? Why?
Why do you think some odors elicited a memory? Slide20
Gustation
(
AkA
Sense of taste)
Sour_________Bitter_________Umami ___________
Taste aversionThis is not taste aversion
Sweet
Salty
(meaty/savory)Slide21
Taste Buds
(Papillae)
On surface of tongue
Gustatory Pathway
Taste budsCranial nervesMedulla oblongataLimbic system and parietal lobe Slide22
Gustatory pathwaySlide23
Mapping taste buds
Where are the receptors for
salt found?
sweet ?
sour?bitter?savory/umami?Center of tongueNot many receptorsSlide24
How the brain understands taste
_________________ is released
Different tastes
NeurotransmitterSlide25
Table Talk
Does your senses adapt to the smell of fart? Why or why not?
How does losing your sense of smell affect the way you perceive taste? Slide26
My eyes! My eyes!
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyz21LVPYaQSlide27
Anatomy of the eye
http://
www.handwrittentutorials.com/videos.php?id=38Slide28
Layers of the EYEball
Fibrous tunic
Cornea
S
cleraVascular tunicChoroidCiliary bodyiris
RetinaSlide29
fibrous Tunic
Cornea
Is curved
This varies in individuals and as you age
Sclera“White” of the eyeGives shapeProtectsPoint of muscle attachmentSlide30
Vascular Tunic
Choroid
Lines the sclera
Nourishes the retina
Cilliary bodyMuscle- controls the shape of the lensProcess- secretes aqueous humorAqueous humorNourishes the eye as it
ciculates through both chambers Slide31
Vascular Tunic
Lens
Changes shape to focus light on retina
Clearer vision
Held in place by zonular fibersIrisIs convex (curves outward)Colored part of eyePupilLight enters
hereDiameter changes in response to lightSlide32
Retina
(continued)
Fovea
centralis
Sharp central visionLots of cones and zero rodsOptic disk“blind spot”Does not have photoreceptors (rods and cones)Slide33
Retina
Photoreceptors
Light sensitive cells
Transmit info to brain
E.x. rods and conesRodsLow lightSense shades of greyConesNeed brighter lightSense colorSlide34
Inside the eyeball
Vitreous body
Fluid that prevents the eye from collapsing
Intraocular pressure
Refers to fluid inside the eyeBalance between production and drainage of aqueous humorSlide35
Retina
Types of photoreceptors
Rods
Low light
Sense shades of greyConesNeed brighter lightSense colorSlide36
Muscles of the eyeball
Ciliary
muscle
Controls diameter of pupil
Lateral rectus muscleMoves eye inwardMedial rectus muscleMoves eye outwardOrbicularis oculiOpen and close the eyelidsSlide37Slide38
Science of tears
Tears
Salt, mucus, lysozyme ______________
Production
(kills bacteria)Slide39
Flow of tearsSlide40
Regulation of Light
Bright light
Iris expands
Pupil gets smaller
Low light
Iris contractsPupil biggerSlide41
.
Types of cones
Red
cones
S
ense red light
Green
conesSense
green
light
Blue
cones
S
ense
blue
lightSlide42
Vision Ratings
20/20
20
ft
away you see what the avg person sees20/4020 ft away you see what the avg
person sees from 40 ft away20/1020 feet away you see what the avg person sees from
10 ft awaySlide43
The Mantis Shrimp
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpW9RIy7Gus
Bullet like punch
Punch heats the water to 8,000 FAre able to see cancerCancer cells scatter light differently Slide44
Table Talk
Hawk’s have 20/2 vision. What does this mean?
Explain how the mantis shrimp is able to detect cancer. Slide45
Viewing objects
Distant objects (20
ft
away)
Light rays are _________ Lens is flat Near objectsLight rays are ___________Lens becomes (rounder) =accommodation
paralleldivergentSlide46
How does accomodation
work?Slide47
Binocular Vision
Allows for
Depth
_________
Better binocular vision Eyes in _________
3D visionfrontSlide48Slide49
Testing binocular vision
Have your partner hold two different pencils at different distances in front of you so that both pencils can be seen.
With both eyes open, try to grab the pencil that is furthest from you.
Repeat steps one and two twice. Have your partner change the pencils distance with each trial
Repeat steps one through three with one eye closedSlide50
The Visual pathway
Ki –asthmaSlide51
The visual pathway
Images (light rays):
E
nter the _________
Lens ________ imageOptic nerve sends info to the ________Occipital lobe integrates image Sends Info
pupilinvertbrainSlide52
Testing the Blind spot
Trial
Left Eye Distance
Right Eye
Distance1
23
4
5
Average
At what distance did the dot disappear?
Why do you think the dot disappeared?
**Walk slowly
**Make sure the + is on the right!Slide53
Testing the Blind Spot
Close
your right eye.
Stand about
20 inches away from the blind spot tester. With your left eye, look at the +. Slowly move toward the image while looking at the +. At a certain distance, the dot will disappear from sight. Measure how far away you were when the dot disappeared. Reverse the process. Close your left eye and look at the dot with your right eye. Move
slowly towards the image and the + should disappear. Measure how far away you were when the dot disappeared.Slide54
Testing the Blind Spot
Measure how far away you were when the dot disappeared
.
This is when the dot fell on the blind spot of your retinaSlide55
outer Ear
Pinna
Directs sound waves towards the external auditory canal
External auditory canal
Funnels sound toward the tympanic membraneSlide56
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane
Vibrates due to sound waves
Auditory
Ossicles (bones)Deliver sound vibrationsEustanchian TubeEqualizes air pressureDrains middle earSlide57
inner ear
Oval Window
Transfers vibrations from
ossicles
to cochleaRound WindowEqualizes hydrolic pressureFluid motionCochlea
Converts stimuli into nerve impulsesSemicircular CanalEquilibrium and balanceSlide58
Cerumen
Cerumen
AKA Ear Wax
Prevents _________ from getting into the ear
“stuff”Slide59
Cerumen fail!
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgLWl1bjH84Slide60
Ruptured Tympanic membrane
Can tear due to __________ or infection
Treatment
Self healing
May need ________
trauma surgerySlide61
Table Talk
It is true, elephants can hear with their feet! Explain how they are able to do this.
Have Pacinian corpuscles in their feet
Nerve impulses are sent directly to the brainSlide62
CochleaSlide63
Cochlea
Basilar membrane
Vibrates in same pattern as sound waves
Organ of
CortiShort hairs = ______ frequency Longer hairs = low frequencyCochlear Implanthttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeg4qTnYOpwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8eHquhr52sUse of Implanthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTzTt1VnHRMhighSlide64
Basilar membrane vibrations
https
://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-nXFlLFsOkSlide65
Physiology of hearing
Sound waves enter ear
T
ympanic membrane pushes ___________
Cause the stapes to “hit” oval windowThis _______ fluid in earHairs _________Nerve impulse sent to brain
Auditory ossiclesvibratesmoveSlide66
Hearing and aging
Hairs in inner ear die or are damaged
Do not ____________
regenerateSlide67
Equilibrium
Static equilibrium
Position of body relative to gravity
Dynamic equilibrium
Position of body relative to rotationSlide68
Static or Dynamic Equilibrium?
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-t-V9OAr9ISlide69
Just a couple of questions
Explain the needed for popping your ears
Cliff works the night shift and sometimes falls asleep in class. What is the effect on the structures of in his internal ear when his head falls backward as he slumps in his seat?