Presentation By O B Krishna Chief Corporate Safety Tata Steel And Prof J Maiti IIT Kharagpur Outline of Session Stress and Job stress introduction Burden of Job stress Effects of Job stress ID: 810471
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Slide1
Job Stress & its Management
Presentation
By
O. B. Krishna, Chief, Corporate Safety, Tata Steel
And
Prof J Maiti, IIT Kharagpur
Slide2Outline of Session
Stress and Job stress – introduction
Burden of Job stress
Effects of Job stressCauses of Job stress Job Stress Model of PalmerManaging Job Stress – 5 step approachInterventions for job stressTata Steel Experience
O.B.Krishna
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Slide3Stress…
Living in today’s world
has brought with it, not only innumerable means of comfort, but also a plethora of demands that tax human body and mind.
Now-a-days everyone talks about stress at work and at home. Stress is an inevitable and unavoidable component of life due to increasing complexities and competitiveness in living standards.
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Slide4Job Stress
Occupational stress / Job stress is
becoming
the single greatest cause of occupational disease and can have adverse consequences for both the worker and the workplace. Job Stress or work stress is defined as the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched with their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope with the situations
.
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Slide5Positive and Negative Stress
People get confused about the difference between pressure and stress.
We
all experience pressure regularly – it can motivate us to perform at our best (Positive stress). When we
experience too much pressure and feel unable to cope up with it stress can result (Negative Stress)
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Slide6Burden of Job Stress
45% American managers suffer too much
stress at work
(Smith, 1998).According to the HSE, UK, in 2005 more than 500,000 people in the UK believed that, they were experiencing work-related stress at a level that was making them ill. The total health and productivity cost of worker stress to American business is estimated at $50-$150 billion annually (Sauter
,1990). As per HSE estimates the costs to society of
work related
stress to be around £4 billion each year, while 13.5 million working days
were
lost to stress in 2007/08
.
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Slide7How Stress Affects
As per ILO, worldwide stress is
recognized as major challenge to workers health and healthiness of the
organization.Workers who are stressed are more likely to be unhealthy, poorly motivated, less productive and less safe at work.
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Slide8Effect of Job Stress on Employee
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Workplace Stress and Health Effects
Slide9Reduced productivity AbsenteeismIllnesses
Poor employee morale
Increased employee turnover
Higher accidents and Injury ratesHigher medical expensesO.B.Krishna
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Effect of Job Stress on Organization
Source:
Reducing Stress at Workplace : - An Evidence Review
Slide10Causes of Job Stress
Demographic
Age
GenderExperienceEducational levelPersonalPersonalityCoping abilityWork home interface
Work RelatedDemandControl
Support
Relationship
Role
Change
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Slide11Work Related Causes of Job Stress
Demands:
Includes factors intrinsic to the job such as workload, shift work, long or unsocial work hours and work conditions. Control: How much autonomy a person has over his job; low levels of job control are typically linked to high levels of stress.
Relationships: Relationships with superiors, subordinates and colleagues can play
a part in
on individual’s
stress
levels, conflict
, harassment and bullying in the workplace are all linked to heightened stress
.
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Slide12Role: Stress may be triggered when an individual does not have a clear understanding of his
role,
when there is conflict between roles or ambiguity with
regards to position and degree of responsibility. Support: The amount of support and job training available, as well as encouragement, sponsorship and resources provided by colleagues and management.
Change: The way in which change is introduced, managed and communicated to staff can impact on levels of stress, as badly
planned change results in excess pressure.
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Work Related Causes of Job Stress
Slide13Job Stress Model
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Slide14Why to Manage Job Stress ?
Reduction of Sickness
Reduction of Sickness Absenteeism
Improved employee moraleEmployee RetentionImprove ProductionCreating Healthy Workplaces
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Slide15Five Step Approach for Job Stress Management
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Slide16Five Step Approach for Job Stress Management
The
Health & Safety Executive (HSE), UK
guide (2001 & 2007) provided a five-step Work related stress risk assessment guide to aid the diagnosis of problems and provide a framework for intervention.
The five steps are described below.
Looking for hazard
Who might be harmed and how
Evaluate the risk
Record you findings
Monitor and Review
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Slide17Step-1 – Looking for hazard (
Work
Stress
Assessment)Identifying work related factors leading to stressDemandControlSupportRelationshipRole
ChangeIn order to identify these factors -
qualitative
and quantitative
data gathering methods could
be used
.
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Slide18Quantitative Methods
Productivity and
performance data
,Absence/sickness data,Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs) data,Staff turnover, Stress questionnaires,
Stress audits.
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Slide19Qualitative MethodsFocus groups discussion,
Performance
appraisals,
Informal discussions with staff, Return-to-work interviews, Exit interviews.
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Slide20Step-2 Who can be at Risk
Employees can suffer
from stress regardless of age, status, gender
, ethnicity or disability.However, some employees may be at a higher risk than others, like, Those
working away from home, Going through a difficult
personal experience such as
bereavement or
relationship breakdown, or illness.
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Slide21Step -3, Evaluate the Risk
Risk
assessment
is important to consider how the stress factors like, Demand, Control, Support, Relationship, Role, Change could harm the department/unit/division and up to what extent. What has already been done for them ?What more can be done?
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Slide22Strep-4, Record the Findings
Keeping record of the Work related Stress findings helps in monitoring the progress of the particular hazard.
It can be a legal requirement also.
It is important to ensure confidentiality to avoid possible litigation.O.B.Krishna
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Slide23Step 5, Monitor and Review
The WRS risk assessment should be
reviewed whenever
significant changes occur within the organisation or department and monitored against the action plan. The review should take place in full consultation with
employees.The risk assessment should be used as a continuous improvement
model.
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Slide24Interventions for Job Stress
Interventions
for job
stress have multiplied rapidly over the last two decades, paralleling the increasing recognition and acceptance of the adverse impacts of job stress on individuals and organizations Interventions to improve the organization of work and reduce the impact of stressful jobs on health can be conducted in a wide variety of ways.
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Slide25Intervention
Intervention can be made
at the level
of,JobOrganizationIndividualOutside the organization through laws and regulations. Interventions are of three types. Primary
SecondaryTertiary
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Slide26Primary Interventions
Primary prevention refers to efforts to protect the health of people who have not yet become sick.
These interventions are
proactive, aiming to prevent exposures to stressors and the occurrence of illnesses among healthy individuals.Targets are the sources of stress / stressors at workplace,
through alterations in Physical or
Psychosocial
work environments,
or
Through
organizational changes.
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Slide27Examples of Primary Interventions
Improving
organisational culture,
Changing employee workloads,Job reengineering,Job redesign,
Developing clear job descriptions to avoid role ambiguity, Increasing
worker involvement and participation in decision making,
Redesigning
the physical work environment.
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Slide28Secondary Prevention
Secondary level interventions focus on altering the way that individuals respond to stressors at work (including perception) and to improve their
of
coping abilities. Includes, RelaxationAims at reducing the arousal and tension associated with stress.
Cognitive Behavior Training (CBST)CBST try to alter
the interpretation of stressors,
and offering support in dealing with it.
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Slide29Tertiary Prevention
Directed towards
treating and assisting employees who
are already been exposed to job stress and developed stress-related health outcomes like, Psychological injury, Depression, or Coronary heart disease.
These interventions include,Occupational
rehabilitation services,
Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) and Counselling and
Return
to work programs.
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Slide30Combinations of Interventions
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Slide31Job stress management – TATA Steel
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Slide32Job Stress – TATA Steel Experience
Adoption of HSE – 5 step approach for stress management programme at TATA Steel.
Launching at
Tarapore Wire Division, Step 1. – Assessment for Job StressQuantitative Method for job stress assessment with a OSI tool was used .OSI tool of Singh and Srivastava was used for Job stress assessment
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Slide33Stress Questionnaire
Also known as Occupational Stress Index / Stress measurement tools
Various International / National Questionnaires like,
NIOSH Generic Job Stress QuestionnaireOccupational Stress Index by Karen Belkic.OSI by Singh and Srivastava – a widely used OSI tool in India.
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Slide34OSI tool – Singh and Srivastava
OSI tool used at TATA steel
This
scale consists of 46 items, 28 are ‘True – Keyed’ and 18 are ‘False – Keyed’. Each to be rated on the five point
scale (1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree).Items relate to almost all the
components of the job
which cause stress – as sub groups
There total 12 sub-groups.
Provides results as total stress scores and sub group stress scores
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Slide35Sub Groups:Role
over-load,
Role
ambiguity, Role conflict, Unreasonable group and political pressure, Responsibility for persons,
Under participation, Powerlessness
,
Poor
peer relations,
Intrinsic
, impoverishment,
Low
status,
Strenuous
working conditions and
Unprofitability
.
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OSI tool – Singh and Srivastava
Slide36Launching at TWP
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Slide37Development Steps
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Data Collection with the help of OSI tool for employees
Data Entry in Microsoft Excel
Data Analysis with the help of Standard Statistical Tools - SPSS
Risk Identification / Categorization
Slide38Preliminary Results
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Slide39Future Actions…..
Analysis for Sub-Group stress levels and identifying job related hazards leading to overall stress (Risk Factors)
Interventions based on the risk factors
PrimarySecondaryTertiaryImplementation at all other locations of TATA Steel.
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Slide40Healthy Workplaces @ TATA Steel
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OHS
Industrial Hygiene Ergonomics
Wellness @ Workplace
Anemia Control Programme for Female employees
Sunshine Vitamin Programme
Stress Management Programme
“JAGRAN” Programme
Health Camps and Health promotion activities in communities.
Slide41Thank You
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