What is the FourStep Process of Reading 1 Analyze the first paragraph 2 Read the passage and get an idea of the main idea 3 Identify the purpose of each paragraph and the structure of the passage ID: 643306
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Slide1
Comprehension Cue Cards
Prompts for better understandingSlide2
What is the Four-Step Process of Reading?
1
. Analyze the first paragraph.
2.
Read
the passage and get an idea of the main idea.
3. Identify the purpose of each paragraph and the structure of the passage.
4. Answer the questions and don't forget to refer to the passage.Slide3
What is the best way to skim the passage to get the author's main point?
1
. Focus on the first sentence of each paragraph.
2. Pay attention to the mood words, positive and negative.
3. Pay attention to the "counter-evidence" indicators, such as actually, despite, admittedly, except, even though, nonetheless, nevertheless, although, however, in spite of, do, and may.
Slide4
Finding the Main Idea
1. Look in the first sentence of the paragraph.
2. Look for words or phrases that are repeated in the whole paragraph or page (these may include synonyms)
3. Ask yourself “What/Who is this mainly about?” (noun)
4. Ask yourself “What about it/them?” (action)Slide5
Finding the Main Idea
Main Idea
Detail
Detail
Detail
Detail
Detail
DetailSlide6
Informational Retell Rubric
Prompt
Student Response
Score
Topic: What is the topic
of this passage?
Civil War
___/3
Main Ideas: What is the most important idea/author’s message in
the passage?
It
was a was between the northern and southern states
___/3
Key Details: What are the key details in the
passage?
-The war began as a result of a dispute regarding slavery and the taxation of cotton exports.___/3
Vocabulary: What is the meaning of ______(word) when used in this sentence?
TaxationSurrender___/3
Total Score
___/12
(10/12 is adequate)Slide7
Informational Retell Rubric
Prompt
Student Response
Score
Topic: What is the topic
of this passage?
___/3
Main Ideas: What is the most important idea/author’s message in
the passage?
___/3
Key Details: What are the key details in the
passage?
___/3
Vocabulary: What is the meaning of ______(word) when used in this sentence?
___/3
Total Score
___/12
(10/12 is adequate)Slide8
Signal Words
Chronological Sequence
after
afterward
as soon as
before
during
finally
first
following
immediately
Initiallylater
meanwhilenextnot long afternow
on (date)precedingsecondsoonthen
thirdtodayuntilwhenSlide9
Signal Words
Comparison/Contrast
although
as well as
as opposed to
both
but
compared with
different from
either...or
even though
however
instead ofin commonon the other handotherwisesimilar to
similarlystillyetSlide10
Signal Words
Description
above
across
along
appears to be
as in
behind
below
beside
between
downin back of
in front oflooks likenearon top ofonto
outsideoversuch asto the right/left
underSlide11
Signal Words
Generalization/Principle
additionally
always
because of
clearly
conclusively
first
for instance
for example
furthermore
generally
howeverif...thenin factit could be argued that
moreovermost convincingnevernot only...but alsooften
secondthereforethirdtrulytypically
Slide12
Signal Words
Process/Cause
accordingly
as a result of
because
begins with
consequently
effects of
finally
first
for this reason
how to
howif...thenin order tois caused by
leads/led tomay be due tonextso that
steps involvedthereforethuswhen...then
Slide13
Signal Words
"counter-evidence" indicators
actually
despite,
admittedly
except
even though
nonetheless
n
evertheless
a
lthough
howeverin spite ofmay.Slide14
Character Traits
quiet
curious
witty
fighter
determined
energetic
cheerful
thoughtful
calm
mannerly
considerate imaginative
inventive creative Independentstudious intelligent
honestmischievous friendly
rude
meanloving proudwild messy
neat joyfulrespectful
adventurous hard-working
timid
shy
cooperative
lovable
ambitious
unselfish
generous Slide15
Character Traits
humble
brave
courageous
serious
funny
humorous
sad
resourceful
bold
daring
dainty
busy lazy patriotic fun-loving successful
responsible
stubborn loyal gullible
handsome caring carefree selfish
self-confident
helpful dreamer happy disagreeable
conceited leader
demanding
bossy
gentle Slide16
Determining a Character
Does the person stay the same through the story? (Static character)
Does the person change during the story? (Dynamic character)
What does the author directly tell you about the character? (Direct characterization)
What does the author show through the character’s actions and dialogue? (Indirect characterization)Slide17
Determining Theme
1. Understand the main character
2. Identify the conflict
3. Understand how the conflict was resolved
4. Make a generalizationSlide18
Finding a Theme in Two Steps
1. When you finish reading a book, ask yourself to sum up the book in a single word. For example, a single word for the book
Little Red Riding Hood
could be
deception
. Deception is the subject of the book.
2. Next, stretch that single word into a message: innocence can lead to deception. This is a theme for
Little Red Riding Hood
.
*http://
homeworktips.about.com/od/writingabookreport/a/theme.htmSlide19
Symbols Can Be Clues to Your Themes
Sometimes an object such as a bridge or a large body of water will appear over and over in a book. The object could actually be a
symbol or motif
which represents or sheds light on the theme.
If you notice that an object does seem to be a strong and meaningful symbol in a book, try to determine any possible deeper meaning of that object.
A bridge represents a crossover or change, doesn't it? If you notice a few bridges, and you notice that your main character is going through a big change, you can be sure that the bridge is being used as a symbol.
http://
homeworktips.about.com/od/writingabookreport/a/theme.htmSlide20
Annotation Codes
l
– Important
L- Learned Something New
*- Interesting or important information or facts
AHA!- Big Idea Surfaces
S- Surprising!
S!!!- Shocking
!!!- Exciting
* ?- I don’t understand thisSlide21
Summarizing
pull out main ideas
focus on key details
use key words and phrases
break down the larger ideas
write only enough to convey the gist
take succinct but complete notes Slide22
Get the GIST (Summarize)
Who:
What:
When:
Where:
Why:
How: 3. Write a 20-word GIST summary.__________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________
__________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Slide23
Summary Star
1
word
for a
new
title
2
words about how it made you feel
5
words to tell about
the conclusion
4
words to state the
problem
3
words to
tell about the
settingSlide24
Reading Reasons
Reading is rewarding.
Reading builds a mature vocabulary.
Reading makes you a better writer.
Reading is hard, and “hard is necessary.
Reading makes you smarter.
Reading prepares you for the world of work.
Reading well is financially rewarding.
Reading opens the door to college and beyond. Reading arms you against oppression. Slide25
Fix-Up
Strategies
Reread.
Read ahead.
Figure out the unknown words.
Look at sentence structure.
Make a mental image.
Define your purpose for reading.
Ask questions.
Make predictions.
Stop and think.
Make connections to what you already know.
Look at pictures, illustrations, charts, and graphs.
Read the author’s note.
Ask for helpSlide26
Dont
Know A Word?
What should you do?
1. Look at the pictures.
2. Try to sound out the word.
3. Look at the beginning letters.
4. Look at the ending letters.
5. Look for a smaller word in the word.
6. Skip the word and read the sentence to the end.
7. Try to guess! What word makes sense? Does your guess look like the word you see?
8. Use the words around it.
9. Go back and re-read. Does it sound right?
10.Put another word in its place. 11. Ask a friend or an adult. 12.Look in the dictionary.Slide27
Non fiction RubricSlide28
NAEP Oral Fluency ScaleSlide29
Problem and Solution Diagram
Problem
Event #1
Event #2
Event #3
SolutionSlide30
Problem Solution Outline
Problem
Attempts at solving
Solution
Who is involved?
What is the problem?
Why is it a problem?
Attempt #1: How do they try to fix it?
Attempt #2: How do they try to fix it next?
End Result
Result #1: What happened?
Result #2: What happened?Slide31
Setting
Where does the story take place?
_________________________________________________________________
When does the majority of the story take place?
_________________________________________________________________
Changes in the setting during the story:
At first___________________________________________________________________
But then__________________________________________________________________
Finally,___________________________________________________________________
Reason for the setting:
_________________________________________________________________Slide32
Setting
Where
When
Outside/Inside
Country/City
Apartment/House
School/Business
America/Europe
Earth/Space
Modern day
Stone age
1800’s
Medieval Times
The Great Depression
At nightSlide33
Plot
Introduction: The background of the story or characters
Rising Action: What events happen around the problem
Climax: Where the problem reaches its high point
Falling Action: How the problem is solved
Resolution: How everything finishes upSlide34
PlotSlide35
Compare and Contrast
Comparing how things are the same or differentSlide36
Cause and Effect
Something causes something else to happen
Cause
Cause
Cause
Effect
Effect
EffectSlide37
O/I Chart
Observation (+ you) = Inference
Words/ideas that are repeated
Cause/effect
Compare/contrast
Beliefs/opinions
Bold words/Italics
Headings
Deeper meaning about the text
A drive toward the author’s purpose