Japan Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Panama US covets Hawaii for naval base and sugar America investments in Hawaii increase throughout 1800s By 1870s US controlled majority of Hawaiian trade amp land ID: 717630
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Slide1
US Imperialism
Hawaii
China
Japan
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Philippines
PanamaSlide2
US covets Hawaii for naval base and sugarAmerica investments in Hawaii increase throughout 1800s
By 1870s, US controlled majority of Hawaiian trade & land
Annexation of Hawaii
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/hawaii/
http://www.adventure-travel.org.uk/AMERICA_N/hawaii.phpSlide3
Timeline of Events
1875: treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from US tariffs
1887: Hawaiian Imperialist League forced Kalakaua
to sign Bayonet Treaty (US has exclusive rights to Pearl Harbor)1890 McKinley Tariff negatively impacts Hawaiian sugar economy (subsidies to US sugar producers forced sugar prices to drop)
Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)
Annexation of Hawaii
Provisionalgovernmentofhawaiicabinet.jpg
Slide4
Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani
1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.
Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)
Annexation of Hawaii
http://www.cedarstreetgalleries.com/bin/detail.cgi?ID=1883Slide5
US traded with China throughout the 1800s (especially after 1843)
GB, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan carves out spheres of influence in China after 1895
1899: John Hay issues Open Door Policy
All nations have equal access to trade and investment in ChinaApproved since no country rejected or accepted it
US Involvement in China
http://www.bobmccaughey.com/post1865/?page_id=1234Slide6
Fists of Righteous Harmony resented Foreigners’ influence & control
1900- attacked Western missionaries & traders in northern China (Boxer Rebellion)
Foreign countries send troops to China
John Hay negotiates peace between Europe & China (China pays Europe 333 mi. in damages)
US Involvement in China
http://svr225.stepx.com:3388/boxer-rebellion/file/18516.jpgSlide7
1854: Matthew Perry’s visit to Tokyo, Japan to open up trade
Japan starts to industrialize and build up navy
1904: Russo-Japanese War1905: Treaty of Portsmouth
TR negotiates treaty between Russia & JapanTR wins Nobel Peace Price1907: TR sends Great White Fleet on goodwill voyage (to remind Japan of US powerful might)
US & Japan
http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/uss_vermont_bb20.htmSlide8
Russo-Japanese War pushed 70,000 Japanese Immigrants to CA
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
Asian Exclusion League formed by CAGentleman’s Agreement (1906)Japanese will stop flow of laborers in US
CA will not ban current Japanese living in US from schools1908: Root
Takahira AgreementUS and Japan pledged to respect each other’s territorial possessions in Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China
US & Japan (continued)Slide9
Spanish-American War
1898 (16 Week War
)
“Splendid Little War”
go.hrw.com
www.cyborlink.com
Travelyahoo.comSlide10
US Foreign Policy developed in 1823Stated:
US would not interfere in European colonies in Latin America
But would consider any new attempts to colonize
in the Western an act of hostility
Just a reminder about the…
Monroe Doctrine
http://millercenter.virginia.edu/scripps/reference/images/monroe.jpgSlide11
Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894Placed a restriction on sugar imports
YELLOW JOURNALISM
Cuban struggle for Independence from Spain“Butcher” General
Valeriano Welyler &
Reconcentration CampsDelome LetterUSS Maine Incident
Causes leading to Spanish-American WarSlide12
Sensational journalism used by journalists to attract readers.Ex: William Randolph Hearst’s
NY
Journal &Ex: Joseph Pulitzer’s NY World
Randolph: “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”
Yellow Journalism
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/remember.html
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
http://blog.syracuse.com/shelflife/2009/04/writers_born_this_day_rod_mcku.htmlSlide13
Influence of Yellow Journalism?
http://www.spartacus
Drawing by Leon BarrittSlide14
Spanish Minister to the US: Enrique Dupuy
de
LomeLetter Printed in the
NY Journal in February, 1898.Criticized President McKinley
McKinley was described as “weak, and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”
Journal: “The worse insult to the US in its history”
De Lome Letter
http://www.vw.cc.va.us/vwhansd/HIS122/DeLome.html
http://www.classbrain.com/artteenst/uploads/delome-icon.gifSlide15
USS Maine exploded on February 15, 1898266
of 350 crew died
Sensationalized by newspapers“Remember the Maine!
Hell with Spain!”-Newspapers concluded that
explosion was from a submarine mine
U.S.S. Maine
http://library.thinkquest.orgSlide16
<>
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm
Captain SigsbeeSlide17
http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Expansion.htmSlide18
Influence of Yellow JournalismPublic Demands War
McKinley, reluctantly, issues war
to Congress on April 11, 1898Congress declares war on Spain in April 25
Teller Amendment issued by CongressCuban would be given freedom after War
US Reacts…
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/presidents/william-mckinley-1417412.htmlSlide19
Manila Bay (Philippines)
George
Dewey Emilio Aguinaldo
Kettle Hill (near Santiago)Rough Riders led by TR & Leonard Wood
San Juan HillRough Riders were sensationalized in newspapersSantiago Harbor
BlockadeArmistice signed on August 12, 1898
Locations of Major Battles
www.theodore-roosevelt.com/ brdewey.gif
Slide20
5400 of 300,000 lost their lives
Only 379 died from battle casualties
Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898Major PointsCuba becomes independent.
Puerto Rico and Guam are given to the US.US pays Spain $20 million for the annexation of the Philippines.
Spanish-American War Aftermath
www.theodora.com
www.sweetmarias.com
www.elca.org
Slide21
Cuba
US military govt. set up by Leonard Wood for provisional govt.
Major advances achieved in govt. finances achieved in govt. finance, education, agriculture, public health…
Walter Reed and William Gorgas led efforts to reduce mosquito pop. & found that mosquitoes caused yellow feverUS withdrew from Cuba (Teller Amendment) however…
Cuba forced to add Platt Amendment in Cuban ConstitutionUS has right to approve Cuban treatiesUS has right to intervene militarily to restore order
US has right to naval & coaling stations (ex: Guantanamo Bay)Cuba becomes a US protectoratePuerto Rico Foraker Act of 1900: Governor & Upper house appointed by US
Jones Act of 1917: Granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship & gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature1952: Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing commonwealth of US
After Cuban Independence…Slide22
Pro Imperialism (tend to be Republican)
Anti Imperialism (tend to be Democrat)
Philippines seen as steppin
g stone for Asia
Foreign Issues would overshadow much needed reform at home
Spread Christianity *Foreign workers would lower wages at home
New MarketsAmerican Factories may relocate overseas
Raw Materials
Increased Army (higher taxes)
Spreading
US influence and democratic values in Asia
Mongrelization of AmericaUS & Philippines Imperialist DebateSlide23
Filipinos assumed that their freedom was granted after War (like Cuba) & however, despite provisional
govt
set up by Aguinaldo, becomes a US protectorateOpen Rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 to 1901)
4300 US & 57,000 Filipinos died1902: Philippine Govt Act (Organic Act)
US appoints governor & upper houseJones Act of 1916 :Filipinos elect both housesUS granted independence to Philippines in
1946US & Philippines
http://lltm.tripod.com/aguinaldo.htmlSlide24
1901- John Hay tries to negotiate Hay-Pauncefote
treaty with Republic of Colombia which included Panama
Pay Colombia 10 mil. and yearly 250,000 rental US would receive 6 mile strip of land across isthmus for 99 years
Colombian Senate rejects treaty for better offerGunboat Diplomacy (1903)
Philippe Bunau-Varilla negotiates with US for assistance for Panama independence from ColombiaNovember- Panama revolutionUS Marines prevented Colombian forces form reaching rebels
Three days later, US recognizes Panama Hay Bunau-Varilla TreatySimilar to Hay Pauncefote treaty, however would cost 40 mil.
Roosevelt (later): “I took the Canal and let Congress Debate”
US & Panama CanalSlide25
Completed in 1914
Cost over 400 mil.
Organized under John F. Stevens & Colonel George Washington GoethalsWilliam Gorgas helps to eliminate malaria by 1913
SS ANCON becomes first to pass through Canal on August 15, 1914Significant Engineer achievement
Panama Canal
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6074106.stmSlide26
Panama Canal
http://www.two-friends-travels.com/panama/panama-canal-miraflores-locks.html