CIV 10103 April 15 2015 The Rise of the Modern Sovereign State Eventually we get Europe out of this mess For the time being they just fight with each other often Economic Expansion and Social Developments ID: 423312
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Slide1
The High Renaissance and Early Mannerism, 1494–1564
CIV 101-03
April 15, 2015Slide2
The Rise of the Modern Sovereign State
Eventually, we get Europe out of this mess.
For the time being, they just fight with each other, often.Slide3
Economic Expansion and
Social Developments
Demographics, Prosperity, and the Beginning of a Global World
Population growth; more urban population
Higher standard of living for middle class
Private financing of wars
Global Encounters: The First European Explorers
Let’s not forget how very difficult this wasSlide4
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude
(north/south)… altitude of the sun at noon, (or stars and the horizon) charted (on a table) for the day in the calendar
.
Mostly easy to do.
Had been available for a long time
.Slide5
Longitude
(east/west) was a different problem.
One had to know the TIME (accurately) at a fixed position, compared to the time on at one’s place. Then calculations could compute longitudinal location.
Tough to do on a ship in this period, as no clocks ran right on board.
Latitude and LongitudeSlide6
Latitude and LongitudeSlide7
Early solutions were complex calculations based on the night time sky and the movements of planets.
Navigationally, “solved” it by “running down a
westing
/easting”…. they followed a known route to the latitude of their target landing, then turned and headed (east or west) right toward it. Easy to do when you knew where you were going. Not so good when discovering a new (uncharted) world.
By the early 1700s, governments offered (large) prizes, looking for solutions.
1766-67… relatively accurate lunar distance method (with published charts for calculations)
1773 . . . John Harrison for a sea worthy timepiece… (chronometer)
Latitude and LongitudeSlide8
So think about that: we are in 1494–1564.
Longitude is not solved until after 1766.
ALL OF THE EARLY
EXPLORING WAS DONE WITHOUT LONGITUDE.This is a primary reason why so manyGot lost and died.R
an out of provisions and died before they got there.
Latitude and LongitudeSlide9
Finally, this quest pushed
chronography
forward by leaps and bounds.
Real time pieces will soon follow.
Latitude and LongitudeSlide10
Technologies
Sailing
Magnetic compass, astrolabe, understanding of winds and currents, the galley
Warfare
Cannon, arsenals, and foundries
Medical developments
Esp. anatomical drawings
Lenses/Telescope
Technical drawings
Building and such
Crank and rod/winches
Better scaffoldingSlide11
Man vs. Man
Humanism vs. Spiritualism
Humanism vs. Mannerism
Secularism vs. Religion
Classicism vs. Neoclassicism
Essentially, the rise of the individual
And soon enough… religion against religionSlide12
And of course:
the ArtSlide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17
http://
www.wga.hu
/tours/
sistina/index1.htmlSlide18Slide19Slide20Slide21
Oh.. And also
The violin.
The guitar.
And the beginnings of modern TONAL music
Tonal music is based on a fixed tone scale
Modal music (that came before) is based on NOT fixed scales (a set over here, another over there, in repeating patterns)
Atonal music is based on NOT scales at all (sets of sounds, only in relative relation to each other).