Essential Question Once war broke out between the colonies and Britain how did each side react causalities those who are killed or wounded usually during combat VOCABULARY mercenaries ID: 775602
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Slide1
Section
6.4:
Fighting for Independence
Slide2Essential Question
Once war broke out between the colonies and Britain, how did each side react?
Slide3causalities:
those who are killed or wounded, usually during combat.
VOCABULARY
mercenaries:
professional soldiers who fight for pay, not for their own country.
the army of the thirteen original colonies.
the universal symbol for peace
Continental Army:
olive branch:
the professional British soldiers
regulars:
Slide4As a response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts designed to punish the colonies and Massachusetts in particular.
What We Already Know…
Slide5What We Already Know…
The First Continental Congress recommended that every colony begin training militia forces to defend itself against the British.
Slide6At Lexington and Concord, the first shots of the Revolutionary War were exchanged between British troops and colonial militia.
What We Already Know…
Slide7What We Already Know…
As the British marched
back toward Boston, new waves of Colonial militia intercepted them. Shooting from behind
fences and trees, the militias inflicted over 125 casualties.
Slide8Early Battles
After Lexington and Concord, as the remaining British troops retuned to Boston, 20,000 colonial militiamen had gathered from the nearby countryside.
Slide9The militia settled in the area around Boston. The city would be hard for the colonists to attack since it was full of civilians and nearly surrounded by water.
Early Battles
Slide10At the same time the Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia, Ethan Allen and a force of backwoodsmen known as the Green Mountain Boys would conduct the first offensive attack of the war.
Early Battles
Slide11Early Battles
The
175 Green Mountain Boys of Vermont led by Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen walked through an open
gate at Fort Ticonderoga. They easily overtook a sleeping sentry.
Slide12Early Battles
They quickly moved on to the barracks. All eighty-three British soldiers and two officers, were all asleep.
The British
troops quickly surrendered. It was an easy victory for the Continental Army and there were no shots fired.
Slide13Early Battles
With the capture of the Fort Ticonderoga, the Patriot forces
obtained a large supply of cannons and other armaments,
These cannons would play an important role in future battles with the British.
Slide14Second Continental Congress
In
May of 1775, the Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. The purpose of the meeting was different. The question now
was, how would the colonist meet the military threat of the British.
Slide15The Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress began to act as a government.
They united the colonial militias as the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as its Supreme Commander.
They authorized the
print
ing of paper
money to pay troops
.
Slide16Get your sticks ready.
Slide17What was the significance of the Battle of Ft. Ticonderoga?
A. It was the first offensive attack by the Continental Army.
B. The captured cannons would play an important role in future battles with the British.
C. It was the first battle commanded by George Washington.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B only.
Slide18What was the outcome of the Second Continental Congress?
A. It sent diplomats to London to begin discussing colonial independence with the British government.
B. It appointed John Hancock as Acting President of the United States.
C. It selected the Stars and Stripes to be the national flag of the country.
D. It created the Continental Army and authorized the printing of paper money to pay the troops
.
Slide19Battle of Bunker Hill
In June of 1775militiamen took Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hillbehind Charlestown. They built fortifications onBreed’s Hill.
Slide20The colonial militia so close and overlooking Boston alarmed the British. They set out to take the two hills.
Battle of Bunker Hill
BUNKER
HILL
BREED’SHILL
BOSTON
Slide21Battle of Bunker Hill
Major
General William Howe, leading the British forces, could have surrounded
the Americans with his ships at sea, but instead chose to march his troops uphill.
Slide22In the first attack, scores of British troops were killed or wounded; the rest retreated down the hill. In a second wave they again suffered a great number of casualties and again they retreated.
Battle of Bunker Hill
Slide23Battle of Bunker Hill
By the third wave the Americans were running low on
ammunition
and theBritish eventually took the hill.
Slide24Battle of Bunker Hill
Although the British won, they suffered huge losses. Of the 2,300
British soldiers engaged in the battle, 1,054 were either
killed or wounded while the colonial militia suffered just 400 casualties.
Slide25Boiler Ready
The Battle of Bunker Hill proved that the Continental Army could fight well against the British.
Slide26The Olive Branch Petition
At the
Second Continental Congress, the majority of delegates were not yet ready to declare independence. A committee drafted a letter to King George III which
has come to be known as the Olive Branch Petition. It extended an offer to overcome differences.
Slide27The petition arrived just after news of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The king rejected the Olive Branch Petition and announced an immediate blockade of all colonial ports.
Olive Branch Petition
Slide28In addition, the king sent thousands of German mercenaries to fight the Continental army and to punish the colonists.
Olive Branch Petition
Slide29Get your sticks ready.
Slide30What were the results of the Battle of Bunker Hill?
A. Once again the British were forced to retreat back to Boston.
B. Nearly one third of the 2300 British troops were killed or wounded but won the battle.
C. The Continental army was forced to retreat from New York.
D. British cannon were captured that later would be used against the redcoats.
Slide31Why did Congress send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III?
A. They were trying to buy George Washington enough time to train his army.
B. They doubted that the Continental Army could defeat the redcoats.
C. They were still hoping to find a peaceful way to resolve their differences with Britain.
D. They were trying to persuade France to support the American revolutionary effort.
Slide32How did King George III respond to the Olive Branch Petition?
A. He was thankful because his country was nearly bankrupt from fighting so many wars.
B. He turned the petition over to Parliament for their decision.
C. Not only did he reject the petition, but he introduced new measures to punish the colonies.
D. Having faith in his army to defeat the colonists, he completely ignored the petition.
Slide33Where We Are 1775
Lexington and Concord
April 19
Battle of Bunker Hill
June 17
Second
Continental Congress Meets
May 10
Ft. Ticonderoga Captured
May 10
Olive Branch Petition
Second
Continental Congress
June 5
APRIL
MAY
June
July
Slide34By 1776, a number of Americans were divided between those committed to independence, and an equal number wanted to remain loyal to the British Empire.
Common Sense
Slide35Common Sense
In early 1776, most
colonists still wanted to be a part of Britain. Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” helped to change many minds.
Slide36Common Sense
The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to
openly ask for independence from Great Britain.
Common Sense sold more than 100,000 copies in three months and was read by millions.
Slide37Common Sense
Paine made arguments that the monarchs were not only dishonest, and corrupt but also ruled as tyrants.
Slide38Common Sense
Paine wrote, "Hither they have fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true
of England, that the same
tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still."
Slide39Get your sticks ready.
Slide40Why was “Common Sense” considered such an important document ?
A. It convinced many colonists that a complete break from Britain was necessary.
B. It outlined strategies for wining the war for independence from Great Britain.
C. It laid out arguments against the Proclamation Line of 1763 thus permitting the large westward migration.
D.
It
was a last ditch attempt to convince King George III that the colonies desire for peace was sincere
.
Slide41How does Thomas Paine describe all monarchies in ’Common Sense’?
A. All monarchs rule for it is by the will of GOD.
B. All monarchs are too nimble minded (stupid) to rule fairly and effectively.
C. Monarchs should impose their rule on their people for without their rule, chaos would exist.
D.
Monarchs
by nature are dishonest and corrupt.
Slide42A Time For Decision
On June 7, 1776 - Richard Henry Lee, a delegate from Virginia to the Second Continental Congress, called for an end to all political ties between the colonies and Britain.
Slide43A Time For Decision
On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress passed Lee’s resolution. With the
passage
of the resolution, the colonies now considered themselves to be independent.
Slide44The Declaration of Independence
Congress set up a “Committee of Five” men to
actually write a Declaration of Independence. Members of this committee
were Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman.
Slide45The Declaration of Independence
The job of writing the
first draft of the Declaration of Independence fell to Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson began with a statement of several ‘self-evident’
truths, meaning that they were obvious to everyone.
Slide46The Declaration of Independence
He wrote
, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Slide47The Declaration of Independence
A
government that doesn’t protect the rights of its citizens loses its right to govern. If not, then the people have a right to change the government.
Jefferson also wrote:governments exist to protect the rights of their people, and that they get their power to rule from the consent of the people
Slide48The Declaration of Independence, goes on to list the specific grievances against King George III and the British government.
The Declaration of Independence
Slide49The Declaration of Independence
In the final section, Jefferson makes it clear: “That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown.”
Slide50The Declaration of Independence
On
July 4, 1776 Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence…and never forget the courage taken by each
delegate who would sign. They were now officially guilty of treason and would hang in the gallows if taken before a royal court.
Slide51Get your sticks ready.
Slide52What are three “unalienable rights” outlined in the Declaration of Independence?
A. Life, liberty, and freedom of speech.
B. Liberty, freedom of speech and pursuit of happiness.
C. Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
D. Liberty, freedom of speech, freedom to bear arms.
Slide53According to the Declaration of Independence, what is the purpose of government?
A. To protect people's rights or natural condition of freedom.
B. To help people find what they want to do in life.
C. To protect people from harm and make them feel secure.
D. To create opportunities for people and improve their lives.
Slide54You can see in the Declaration of Independence that Thomas Jefferson was most influenced by the writing of…
A. J.K. Rowling
B. John Locke
C. Paul Revere
D. Thomas Paine
E. Benjamin Franklin
.
Slide55Discuss With Partner
In 1776 many colonists wanted to fight against their treatment by the British government, but not all wanted to go as far as independence. Why do you think some people felt this way?
Be ready with you replies.